Effects of Testosterone on the Development of Endometrial Tumors in Female Rats

Terada, S.; Suzuki, Nobutaka; Uchide, Kiyoshi; Akasofu, Kazutomo; Nishida, Etsuro

doi:10.1159/000292589

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…Although little human data exist pertaining to the endometrial effects of nonalkylated androgens (T), the rat model has shown that high-dose T induces atypical endome-trial hyperplasia and appears to promote the carcinogenicity of dimethylbenzanthracene. 40…”

Section: Endometriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of Menopausal Androgen Supplementation

Slayden

1998

Semin Reprod Med

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There is increasing interest in the use of menopausal androgen replacement therapy (MART) in symptomatic women undergoing natural or surgical menopause. However, the efficacy of MART in alleviating these symptoms compared to traditional estrogen/progestin hormone replacement therapy remains a subject of debate. Accordingly, attention must be focused on the side-effects of the various MART preparations. The dose, alkylation, and route of administration of these compounds influences the development of side effects. While all androgens are potential virilizing agents, alkylated compounds have an additional risk of inducing severe hepatic consequences, regardless of their route of administration. Fortunately, the lower doses administered to women compared to men has not resulted in significant hepatic events. Generation of an adverse lipoprotein profile is possible but is not addressed in this article. Thus, virilizing and cutaneous side effects remain the primary concern. While some observational studies indicate acne and/or hirsutism are evident in up to 38% and 36% of oral methyltestosterone-treated patients, respectively, other studies performed in a prospective fashion suggest a much lower incidence of approximately 5%. Other reported virilizing effects include deepening of the voice and clitoromegaly. Additional concerns are related to risks of developing endometrial hyperplasia when MART is used in conjunction with estrogens. Fortunately, concomitant progestin administration is protective. Finally, there is a theoretical concern that MART may increase the risk of developing breast cancer but this has not been demonstrated in clinical practice. Overall, the safety profile of MART appears to be acceptable when dosing avoids supraphysiologic testosterone levels.

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Section: Endometriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of Menopausal Androgen Supplementation

Slayden

1998

Semin Reprod Med

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T

Albinus

Amschler

Amschler³

et al. 1994

Hagers Handbuch Der Pharmazeutischen Praxis

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Localization and sex steroid regulation of androgen receptor gene expression in rhesus monkey uterus

Adesanya-Famuyiwa

Zhou

et al. 1999

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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Androgen receptor gene expression was detected in all uterine cell compartments where it was subject to significant sex steroid regulation. The fact that androgen receptor mRNA levels were consistently up-regulated by a combined E2 plus testosterone treatment while E2 treatment alone had little or no effect shows that a collaborative action of E2 and testosterone enhances androgen receptor expression in the monkey uterus.

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Effects of Testosterone on the Development of Endometrial Tumors in Female Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Risks of Menopausal Androgen Supplementation

Risks of Menopausal Androgen Supplementation

T

Localization and sex steroid regulation of androgen receptor gene expression in rhesus monkey uterus

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