Effects of Thallus Damage on Interactions of Lichens with Non-Lichenized Fungi Under Natural and Laboratory Conditions

Glenn, Marian G.; Gómez-Bolea, Antonio; Orsi, Ernest V.

doi:10.1006/lich.1996.0060

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It also appears to be more virulent than our isolate (D. Pfister and E. Kneiper, personal communication, Harvard University), which may have ecological significance in the lichen communities where it resides. This particular Fusarium has been noted in earlier published studies (Glenn, Gomez-Bolea, and Orsi, 1997), and it is still not clear what its relationship is to our Fusarium, but a complete taxonomic description of the two will be undertaken in the near future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…More than 1000 species within 300 genera are estimated to exist (Hawksworth, 1982). Recent studies indicate that some of the fungi collected from lichens are not restricted to lichens but instead are generalized soil-borne saprobes (Petrini, Hake, and Dreyfuss, 1990;Glenn, Gomez-Bolea, and Orsi, 1997), some of which are able to exploit lichens weakened by pollution (Glenn, Gomez-Bolea, and Orsi, 1997). Nevertheless, the high level of host specificity exhibited by many of the lichenicolous fungi (Hawksworth, 1982) is evidence that they are uniquely adapted to lichen hosts, many of which produce antibiotic secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Destruction of lichen chemical defenses by a fungal pathogen

Lawrey

Torzilli

Chandhoke

1999

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lichen secondary metabolites are known to inhibit various animal consumers and pathogenic microorganisms. Nevertheless, many obligate fungal pathogens have evolved a tolerance to these inhibitory lichen compounds. We recently discovered a new lichen pathogen in the fungal genus Fusarium that is not only tolerant of lichen compounds but also able to degrade many of these compounds. This organism was discovered in field investigations of a different lichenicolous fungus, Marchandiomyces corallinus, which was found growing on lichens (Lasallia papulosa and L. pensylvanica) that normally inhibit its growth. Subsequent experiments established that M. corallinus is found on Lasallia species only when Fusarium is also present. We hypothesized that Fusarium altered the inhibitory chemistry of Lasallia spp. and permitted colonization by M. corallinus. A laboratory experiment to test this hypothesis demonstrated that sterilized tissues of Lasallia papulosa exposed to Fusarium for 30 d are readily degraded by M. corallinus; control tissues left in sterile water for 30 d continue to inhibit growth of M. corallinus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) established that the lichen compound lecanoric acid, one of several lichen compounds that inhibit growth of M. corallinus, is degraded by extracellular enzymes produced by this newly discovered Fusarium. Taken together, our results demonstrate that enzymatic degradation of lichen compounds permits colonization of lichens by fungi that would otherwise be chemically excluded.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of lichen chemical defenses by a fungal pathogen

Lawrey

Torzilli

Chandhoke

1999

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This strain sporulated in its first subculture but ceased to sporulate on subsequent transfers. Conidia were 3septate, without a foot cell, somewhat more fusiform than the typical larvarum conidia and strongly resembled those illustrated from the lichen pathogen collected in the Adirondacks of New York (Glenn, Gomez-Bolea, Orsi 1997). We were unable to induce in vitro antifungal antibiosis against C. albicans in these strains, therefore it remains unclear whether toxic metabolites were involved in the necrosis of lichen thalli (Glenn, Gomez-Bolea, Orsi 1997, Lawrey, Torzilli, Chandhoke 1999.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 83%

Discovery of the parnafungins, antifungal metabolites that inhibit mRNA polyadenylation, from theFusarium larvarumcomplex and other Hypocrealean fungi

Bills

Platas²,

Overy³

et al. 2009

Mycologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evaluation of fungal fermentation extracts with whole cell Candida albicans activity resulted in the identification of a novel class of isoxazolidinone-containing metabolites named parnafungins. Chemical-genetic profiling with the C. albicans fitness test identified the biochemical target as inhibition of polyadenosine polymerase, a component of the mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation complex. Parnafungins were discovered from fermentation extracts of fungi resembling F. larvarum isolated from plants, plant litter and lichens. Furthermore authentic strains of F. larvarum var. larvarum and F. larvarum var. rubrum could be induced to produce parnafungins and their degradation products in low titers. Relationships among strains of the F. larvarum complex (FLC), including parnafungin-producing strains, were examined by cladistic analyses of rDNA, mitochondrial rDNA, and two protein-coding genes, comparisons of antifungal activity and antifungal metabolite profiles, and morphological phenotypes. Integrated analyses of these data led to the conclusion that the diversity within the FLC exceeded the one-to-one correspondence between F. larvarum and its teleomorph Cosmospora aurantiicola. Based on multiple gene sequence analyses, strains of the FLC formed a monophyletic clade inclusive of the parnafungin-producing strains. The FLC, including newly discovered parnafungin-producing strains, could be resolved into at least six different lineages, possibly representing cryptic' species, of which one was not fully resolved from F. larvarum var. rubrum. Fusarium larvarum var. rubrum represents a species distinct from var. larvarum. Finally we report that two other species from the Hypocreales, Trichonectria rectipila and Cladobotryum pinarense, are able to produce parnafungins and their open-ring forms.

show abstract

“…Four of these, Ascocyhta, Monodictys, Sclerococcum and Taeniolella are considered to be lichenicolous by Hawksworth (1983). In an effort to account for the large number of saprotrophic, mitosporic fungi in lichen thalli, Glenn et al (1997) suggested that terricolous lichens which lack defensive lichen products will be those most readily invaded. However Girlanda et al (1997) recorded a greater diversity of saprobes on foliose lichens that produce lichen products than on those that do not.…”

Section: Biocrustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi associated with biological soil crusts in desert grasslands of Utah and Wyoming

States

Christensen

2001

Mycologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biological soil crusts of arid and semiarid regions of the world are recognized as one of the least explored niches occupied by fungi. The principal species of fungi associated with biocrusts in desert grasslands and their associated soils in two geographically separated sites were identified and compared with species from a similar community in which the active crust had been destroyed by grazing. The results confirm the existence of a highly diverse and to some degree a host specific assemblage (mycosociety) of fungi. Comparison of the prevalent species by presence and commonness at the undisturbed and disturbed sites revealed both quantitative and qualitative changes. The forms absent or with a markedly reduced occurrence in the disturbed site were three dark-colored anamorphs of loculoascomycetes (Bipolaris sp., Embellisia tellustris, Phoma anserina) and two loculoascomycetes (Graphyllium permundum, Pleospora richtophensis). Fungi present at all sites included Chrysosporium/Geomyces pannorum, Embellisia tellustris and Pseudozyma sp. Crust associated fungi not previously reported from soil included a basidiomycete (Cyphellostereum sp.), five loculoascomycetes (Kalmusia utahensis, Macroventuria wentii, Pleospora richtophensis, Phaeospora sp., Preussia sp.) and three mitosporic species (Heteroconium sp., Sclerococcum sp., Taeniolella sp.). Overall, the commonly encountered crust-associated fungi were dark-colored mitosporic and sterile forms apparently adapted to desert environments.

show abstract

Effects of Thallus Damage on Interactions of Lichens with Non-Lichenized Fungi Under Natural and Laboratory Conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Destruction of lichen chemical defenses by a fungal pathogen

Destruction of lichen chemical defenses by a fungal pathogen

Discovery of the parnafungins, antifungal metabolites that inhibit mRNA polyadenylation, from theFusarium larvarumcomplex and other Hypocrealean fungi

Fungi associated with biological soil crusts in desert grasslands of Utah and Wyoming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About