Effects of the addition of a resistance training programme to a caloric restriction weight loss intervention on psychosocial factors in overweight and obese post-menopausal women: A Montreal Ottawa New Emerging Team study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the addition of a resistance training programme to a caloric restriction weight loss intervention on psychosocial profile. The study sample consisted of 137 overweight and obese post-menopausal women. Participants were randomized to a caloric restriction group and caloric restriction + resistance training group. Psychosocial, anthropometric, and metabolic variables were measured before and after the 6-month weight loss intervention. Both groups presented similar weight loss and there were no significant differences between the caloric restriction group and caloric restriction + resistance training group for changes in psychosocial profile. Thereafter, all participants were classified into quintiles based on the amount of weight loss. In all quintiles, women markedly improved body esteem and self-esteem, and decreased hunger and perceived risk for diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05). However, significant increases in dietary restraint were observed in quintiles 2-5 (> or =2.4 % body weight loss), decreases in disinhibition in quintiles 3-5 (> or =4.9 %), increases in self-efficacy in quintiles 3-5 (> or =4.9 %), and increases in health perceptions in quintile 5 (> or =11.1%). The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the addition of a resistance training programme to a caloric restriction weight loss intervention has additional benefits on psychosocial profile. Overall, the significant improvements in the psychosocial profile observed were mostly accounted for by the degree of weight loss.

The Effects of Exercise Training in Addition to Energy Restriction on Functional Capacities and Body Composition in Obese Adults during Weight Loss: A Systematic Review

“…Only the data from the energy restriction period (initial six months) of the study was included for the purpose of this review. Ten studies [52], [55], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66] included older adults and postmenopausal women aged 50-75, while four studies included younger participants aged 37 to 44 years [56], [57], [58], [67]. All studies excluded the use of hormone replacement therapy and two of the 12 studies allowed the continued use of anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive medication[52], [64].…”

“…All studies excluded the use of hormone replacement therapy and two of the 12 studies allowed the continued use of anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive medication[52], [64]. Seven studies specifically excluded those with diabetes [55], [60], [61], [62], [63], [65], [67], while four allowed inclusion of participants with type 2 diabetes[52], [59], [64], [66]. One study did not prevent or exclude the use of statin therapy during the intervention [64].…”

“…Two studies reported on adverse events [59], [64] while 12 studies did not report on adverse events [52], [55], [56], [57], [58], [60], [61], [62], [63], [65], [66], [67]. One study found no adverse events related to participation [64] but reported the drop out of two volunteers due to adverse reactions to medications.…”

“…Ten of the 14 studies (Table 4) assessed VO 2peak using either a treadmill [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [64], [67] or cycle protocol [60], [63], [65]. VO 2peak was variously expressed in absolute terms, ml.min -1 [55], [56], [57], [58], [63], [64], and relative to total body mass, ml.min -1 .kg BM -1 [59], [64] and lean body mass, ml.min -1 .kg LM -1 [60], [65], [67].…”

Update on Exercise and Weight Control

“…Increasing physical activity participation is frequently recommended as a method of improving weight management for its recognized ability to positively impact metabolic [7] and psychological health [8–10]. Despite these valuable outcomes, weight loss is often much less than expected, when exercise is employed as the sole means of intervention [11] at least as far as effectiveness is concerned.…”