Effects of the atmosphere on the propagation of 10.6-&amp;#181; laser beams

Hayes, John; Ulrich, Peter B.; Aitken, Alfred H.

doi:10.1109/jqe.1971.1076699

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The sequence of relations, Equations (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) to (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), when performed for k = 1,2,...K, comprises the first half of the fractional step method. It should be noted that all quantities are complex and that complex arithmetic is implied throughout.…”

Section: (4-17)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Mathematical Transformations and a Comparison of Numerical Techniques for Computation of High-Energy CW Laser Propagation in an Inhomogeneous Medium

Breaux¹

1974

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Section: (4-17)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Mathematical Transformations and a Comparison of Numerical Techniques for Computation of High-Energy CW Laser Propagation in an Inhomogeneous Medium

Breaux¹

1974

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“…Analytical approaches have been developed for thermal blooming in liquid media [8,9], for tubes filled with turbulent gaseous media [10], and for free-flowing gaseous media with a crosswind [11][12][13][14][15]. Much study of thermal blooming in the atmosphere has been performed using full-scale simulations and computer codes [16][17][18], including study of pulsed [19,20] and CW beams [21,22], as well as examination of the phase-compensation instability [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of absorption coefficient based on laser beam thermal blooming in gas-filled tube

et al. 2014

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Thermal blooming of a laser beam propagating in a gas-filled tube is investigated both analytically and experimentally. A self-consistent formulation taking into account heating of the gas and the resultant laser beam spreading (including diffraction) is presented. The heat equation is used to determine the temperature variation while the paraxial wave equation is solved in the eikonal approximation to determine the temporal and spatial variation of the Gaussian laser spot radius, Gouy phase (longitudinal phase delay), and wavefront curvature. The analysis is benchmarked against a thermal blooming experiment in the literature using a CO₂ laser beam propagating in a tube filled with air and propane. New experimental results are presented in which a CW fiber laser (1 μm) propagates in a tube filled with nitrogen and water vapor. By matching laboratory and theoretical results, the absorption coefficient of water vapor is found to agree with calculations using MODTRAN (the MODerate-resolution atmospheric TRANsmission molecular absorption database) and HITRAN (the HIgh-resolution atmospheric TRANsmission molecular absorption database).

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“…In recent years, a large number of publications have appeared which deal with the problems of light propagation through a fluid in general and, for obvious reasons, with the special case of 10.6,um laser-beam transmission in particular. We mention a few typical references: Livingston (1971), Hayes (1971Hayes ( , 1972, Wallace & Camac (1970), Wood, Camac & Gerry (1971), Hayes, Ulrich & Aitken (1972) and Gebhardt & Smith (1972). In these publications, optical considerations (the wave or ray approach) have been put in the foreground and, with the exception of Livingston's paper, the induced convective flow problem has essentially been ignored for various reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-intensity light propagation and induced natural laminar flow

Lehnigk

Steverding

1974

J. Fluid Mech.

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The objective of this paper is to describe approximately the coupled steady-state processes of light propagation and induced laminar incompressible fluid flow in the case of natural convection.For the case of a homogeneous fluid and under the assumptions that light energy is instantaneously transformed into heat and that the induced velocities are not too large, it is reasonable to use the boundary-layer equations to describe the induced natural flow. These equations are augmented by the conservation of energy equation. The velocity, temperature and intensity functions are expected to exhibit similarity properties.A high-intensity light beam with a given rotationally symmetric Gaussian initial intensity distribution is propagating vertically upwards into a fluid initially at rest. The fluid characteristics are assumed to be constant. A stream function is introduced to satisfy the conservation of mass equation. The conservation of momentum equation leads to conditions on the unknown functions involved in the stream function. Additional conditions follow from the conservation of energy equation, which involves the local light intensity as a driving term.Under the assumptions made, self-defocusing (thermal blooming) will occur. The main results are an exponential increase of the boundary-layer thickness and an exponential decrease of temperature and of light intensity due to the blooming effect in addition to the exponential decrease due to absorption.

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Effects of the atmosphere on the propagation of 10.6-µ laser beams

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

An Analysis of Mathematical Transformations and a Comparison of Numerical Techniques for Computation of High-Energy CW Laser Propagation in an Inhomogeneous Medium

An Analysis of Mathematical Transformations and a Comparison of Numerical Techniques for Computation of High-Energy CW Laser Propagation in an Inhomogeneous Medium

Determination of absorption coefficient based on laser beam thermal blooming in gas-filled tube

High-intensity light propagation and induced natural laminar flow

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