Effects of the Bark Resin Extract of Garcinia nigrolineata on Chronic Stress-Induced Memory Deficit in Mice Model and the In Vitro Monoamine Oxidases and β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitory Activities of Its Prenylated Xanthone Constituents

Abstract

The present study describes investigation of the effects of the bark resin extract of Garcinia nigrolineata (Clusiaceae) on the cognitive function and the induction of oxidative stress in both frontal cortex and hippocampus by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). By using behavioral mouse models, i.e., the Y-maze test, the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT), and the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT), it was found that the negative impact of repeated mild stress-induced learning and memory deficit through brain oxidative stress in the UCMS mice was reversed by treatment with the bark resin extract G. nigrolineata. Moreover, the prenylated xanthones viz. cowagarcinone C, cowaxanthone, α-mangostin, cowaxanthone B, cowanin, fuscaxanthone A, fuscaxanthone B, xanthochymusxanthones A, 7-O-methylgarcinone E, and cowagarcinone A, isolated from the bark resin of G. nigrolineata, were assayed for their inhibitory activities against β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and monoamine oxidase enzymes (MAOs).

Effect of Yakae-Prajamduen-Jamod Traditional Thai Remedy on Cognitive Impairment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model and Its Mechanism of Action

“…In the current study, estrogen deprivation for 6 weeks following OVX produced cognitive dysfunction, as shown by a decrease in spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze test, a failure to discriminate between novel and familiar objects in the NORT, and an increase in escape latency time and a decrease in time spent in the target quadrant in the MWMT. These learning and memory impairments are in agreement with those noted in previous finding [6,29,33].…”

α-Crystallin chaperone mimetic drugs inhibit lens γ-crystallin aggregation: Potential role for cataract prevention

“…Both have a similar MW, that is, 685 Da and 628 Da, respectively, and a complex system of aromatic rings with functional groups that engage several amino acid residues shared with the MAC sequences docked onto HγD and HγS. Gambogic acid and similar xanthones from Garcinia bark extract have been found to inhibit the aggregation of various proteins ( 56 , 57 ). Of interest is that our screen was also positive for hemin (protoporphyrin IX with Fe 3+ ) and its derivative hematoporphyrin.…”