Effects of the Degree of Obesity on Achieving Target Blood Pressure and Metabolic Deterioration in Obese Individuals: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the severity of obesity and its impact on achieving target blood pressure and metabolic derangement in obese individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional and population-based study was conducted between January and December 2012. A total of 1837 consecutive obese patients admitted to our outpatient clinic were enrolled. The anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, bioelectrical impedance fat analysis, blood sample analysis, impaired glucose status, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance of 1265 obese patients were compared between groups of patients separated by severity of obesity. Results: Only approximately one-third of patients with previous hypertension achieved normal blood pressure. In addition, the majority of patients without previous hypertension had higher blood pressure at the end of the study compared with baseline. The percent of patients with an impaired fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL was 38.5%. The frequency of impaired glucose tolerance was 39.1% in the patients who underwent OGTT Body mass index (BMI) was associated with impaired blood glucose, hypertension, insulin resistance, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The incidences of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and uncontrolled blood pressure were significantly different between groups of differing obesity severity (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.041, and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The severity of obesity was associated with the failure to achieve target blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. Based on our data, blood pressure and metabolic parameters in obese patients should be monitored frequently and treated with caution.

Smell Impairment in Stage I‐II Obesity: Correlation with Biochemical Regulators and Clinical Aspects

“…Although the expected differences found when comparing the two groups of participants, 15–17,27,35,38,39 the main interesting findings of the present study reside in the differences found in terms of olfactory testing and biochemical assays between subjects affected by stage I and II obesity (Table II, III, Fig. 1).…”

“…8,9 Although many of these notions have been demonstrated when comparing obese individuals with normal weight participants, 1,[10][11][12][13][14][15] less is known regarding possible differences reflecting the different degrees of obesity in terms of olfactory sensitivity and its relationship with nutritional habits, circulating levels of modulators of feeding and olfactory behavior, anthropometic measures, and metabolic assays. Further, obesity stages-according to body mass index (BMI)-have been well correlated with different risks of metabolic deterioration, mortality, and survival 16,17 and to be implicated in dietary preferences. 18 Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the differences in olfactory sensitivity, nutritional habits, circulating levels of modulators of feeding and olfactory behavior, anthropometic measures, and metabolic assays between two groups of participants with stage I and II obesity and reciprocal relationships between these parameters.…”

“…Although many of these notions have been demonstrated when comparing obese individuals with normal weight participants, 1,10–15 less is known regarding possible differences reflecting the different degrees of obesity in terms of olfactory sensitivity and its relationship with nutritional habits, circulating levels of modulators of feeding and olfactory behavior, anthropometic measures, and metabolic assays. Further, obesity stages–according to body mass index (BMI)—have been well correlated with different risks of metabolic deterioration, mortality, and survival 16,17 and to be implicated in dietary preferences 18 …”

Problems of insufficient control of target blood pressure levels in the outpatient practice

“…результаты регистра рекваЗа (регистр кардиоваскулярных Заболеваний) с участием 3690 больных в возрасте 66,1 года c аГ, иБс, хсН, фибрилляцией предсердий и их сочетаниями также показали, что у больных с ранним развитием ссЗ значимо чаще выявлялось ожирение [22]. аналогичные данные представлены в работах и других исследователей [23][24][25].…”

Effectiveness of Valsartan/Amlodipine Single-pill Combination in Hypertensive Patients With Excess Body Weight

“… 7 – 9 Furthermore, the severity of obesity was significantly correlated with the failure to achieve target BP. 10 Therefore, it is essential to develop therapeutic strategies to effectively manage BP in the overweight and obese population.…”