Effects of the diet based on soybean meal supplemented with soy lecithin on growth, biochemical parameters and digestibility of nutrients in grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus

Abstract

Soybean meal (SBM) is the most widely used plant feedstuff as a fish meal replacement (FM) in the aquaculture industry (El-Sayed, 1999). However, there are some nutritional concerns, such as the defective essential amino acid profile and the existence of several anti-nutritional compounds, in SBM (Francis et al., 2001). In addition to growth retardation and SBM-induced enteritis, poor nutrient utilization has also been documented in fish fed the SBM-containing diet (National Research Council (NRC), 2011; Lin & Cheng, 2017).For example, depression in lipid digestibility was heeded in fish that received the SBM-based diet (Lin & Cheng, 2017;Yaghoubi et al., 2016). This may be relative to the oligosaccharides and non-starch polysaccharides derived from SBM, those compounds may bind to bile salts, change the viscosity and passage rate of digesta or hinder digestive enzymes (Francis et al., 2001). Furthermore, taurine deficiency in SBM can depress bile synthesis and also interfere with lipid digestion and absorption Romarheim et al., 2008).

Influence of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio and Temperature on the Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Liver Morphology of Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) (Teleostei: Serranidae) Juveniles

“…It is important to highlight that all diets in this experiment were fish-oil-free and supplemented with VO (coconut oil and olive oil), and this FO substitution did not impact the growth performance and survival of E. marginatus juveniles. Studies with different fish species, such as Argyrosomus regius [41], Totoaba mcdonald [16], Trachinotus ovatus [42], R. canadum [25], and even species of the genus Epinephelus [18,[43][44][45][46], also addressed the importance of replacing FO with VO, suggesting that different species have specific physiological requirements for DHA and EPA. Therefore, although the inclusion of FO is a traditional practice in marine fish nutrition, it is possible to replace it with VO since the diets were adequately supplemented with LC-PUFA n3, such as DHA and EPA [14], as performed in this study.…”

The roles of soybean lecithin in aquafeed: a crucial need and update

“…Of major interest in aquafeed supplementation are the PC, PE and PI ( 79 , 80 ). Soybean lecithin has been receiving considerable attention in aquafeed formulation due to their implication in numerous metabolic pathways and regulation processes that improve the feed utilization and growth performance of larval and juvenile fish species such as red sea bream, Pagrus major ( 81 ), knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus ( 81 ), ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis ( 82 ), rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ( 83 ), Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar ( 84 – 86 ), red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus ( 87 ), goldfish, Carassius auratus ( 88 ), common carp, Cyprinus carpio ( 89 ), seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax ( 74 ), Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus ( 90 ), cobia, Rachycentron canadum ( 91 ), amberjack Seriola dumerili ( 92 ), rohu, Labeo rohita ( 68 ), gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata ( 93 , 94 ), silvery-black porgy, Sparidentex hasta ( 95 ), large yellow croaker, Lamichthys crocea ( 57 ), Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus ( 96 ), hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x E. lancolatus ( 60 ), and giant grouper, E. lanceolatus ( 97 ) ( Supplementary Table 1 ). There are numerous explanations on how the inclusion of soybean lecithin possibly promotes feed utilization and growth performance of the larval aquaculture species.…”

Dietary effect of soybean lecithin on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, blood biomarkers, and antioxidative status of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

“…In Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), dietary SBL enhanced the growth performance, intestinal absorption capacity, and immune response [ 21 ] and successfully replaced fish meal and fish oil [ 22 ]. Interestingly, dietary SBL enhanced the growth performance and digestibility of grouper ( Epinephelus lanceolatus ) fed soybean-based diets [ 23 ]. Further, dietary phospholipids enhanced growth performance, regulated blood biomarkers, and promoted immunity and antioxidative responses in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) [ 18 ].…”