Effects of the endophyte Epichloë coenophiala on the root microbial community and growth performance of tall fescue in different saline-alkali soils

Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum and exogenous methyl jasmonate on the performance of tall fescue under saline-alkali condition

“…Plants were treated with modified 1/2 strength Hoagland nutrient solution (The nutrient solution contained: 2 mM KNO 3 , 0.5 mM NH 4 H 2 PO, 0.25 mM MgSO 4 ⋅ 7H 2 O, 0.1 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ⋅ 4H 2 O, 50 μM Fe-citrate ⋅ 3H 2 O, 50 μM H 3 BO 3 , 10 μM MnCl 2 ⋅ 4H 2 O, 1.6 μM ZnSO 4 ⋅ 7H 2 O, 0.6 μM CuSO 4 ⋅ 5H 2 O, and 0.05 μM (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⋅ 4H 2 O) supplemented with additional 0 and 200 mmol/L, and were dealt with 50 mmol/L saline-alkali on the first and second days to avoid saline-alkali shock. The saline-alkali levels determined in the experiment matched the range of natural environmental conditions without leading to extremely high mortality ( Liu et al, 2022 ). The final concentrations of saline-alkali in each treatment were applied from day 3 onward.…”

Epichloë endophyte interacts with saline-alkali stress to alter root phosphorus-solubilizing fungal and bacterial communities in tall fescue

“…Therefore, compared with PSB, most PSF were saline-alkali tolerant. Among PSF, Cladosporium had the largest relative abundance and therefore an The Epichloë endophytes existing in the aboveground part of the host grass have been demonstrated that can produce effects on root microorganisms, and they can change the impact of environment condition on root microorganisms (Bell-Dereske et al, 2017;Slaughter et al, 2018;Zhong et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022b). Bell-Dereske et al (2017) in Ammophila breviligulata showed that with Epichloë amarillans infected, the diversity of root-associated bacteria declined with higher soil moisture, whereas in its absence, bacterial diversity increased with higher soil moisture.…”

“…In the grass- Epichloë endophytes symbiotic relationship, the grass provides the endophytes with nutrients and shelter, and in exchange, the endophytes promote grass growth and confer protection against abiotic such as drought and saline-alkali and biotic such as herbivores and foliar pathogens stressors ( Chen et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2017 , 2022a ; Qin et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). Although the consequences of Epichloë endophyte infection on the growth and resistance of host grasses have been well documented, to our knowledge, only a few papers have measured the impact of aboveground Epichloë endophytes on belowground components, especially on microorganisms ( Arrieta et al, 2015 ; Vignale et al, 2016 ; Zhong et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2020 , 2022b ; Mahmud K. et al, 2021 ).…”

“…A. et al, 2021 ; Singh R. K. et al, 2022 ). The most studied microorganisms that are affected by the Epichloë endophytes are AMF, and the results have shown that Epichloë endophytes can change the colonization, diversity and community of AMF ( Vignale et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2020 , 2022a , b ; Terlizzi et al, 2022 ).…”

“… Arrieta et al (2015) only focusing on PSF have demonstrated that Epichloë endophytes increase the diversity of PSF in rhizosphere soil of Bromus auleticus . In addition, many studies have emphasized that the key role of environmental context on the interaction of aboveground Epichloë -belowgroud microorganisms ( Ding et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2022b ). For example, Ding et al (2021) in tall fescue found that Epichloë endophytes had a greater effect on rhizosphere general fungi under P limiting conditions.…”