Effects of The Environment on The Growth of Alfalfa

Christian, K. R.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60219-9

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 318 publications

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“…Moreover, Wilson (1982) (Dionne et al 1989) which could result from an imorovement in N fixation by symbiosis. Low soil pH often results in aluminum and manganese toxicity and limits the uptake of calcium from soil by alfalfa (Christian 1977). Increasing soil pH may decrease toxicity, improve calcium absorption and re:sult in an increased DM yield (Christian 1977 ).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorus fertilization

Petit¹,

Pesant²,

Barnett³

et al. 1992

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorus fertilization

Petit¹,

Pesant²,

Barnett³

et al. 1992

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…a lack of tolerance of acid (Bouton 1996) or waterlogged soils (Christian 1977) 2. poor persistence under uncontrolled grazing (Lodge 1991;) 3. a highly competitive habit that reduces the regeneration of annual pasture species (Dear et al , 2000, leading to a high proportion of bare ground in lucerne stands 4. risks to livestock health associated with bloat and red-gut Brightling 1994;Gumbrell 1997). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perennial pastures for recharge control in temperate drought-prone environments. Part 1: productivity, persistence and herbage quality of key species

Hayes

Dear

et al. 2010

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Perennial-based pasture swards potentially offer land managers the capacity for recharge control in temperate cropping zone environments to satisfy the dual role of fostering increased agricultural productivity and reduced deep drainage. This study evaluated the productivity, persistence and herbage quality of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), perennial veldt grass (Ehrhata calcycina Sm.), grazing brome (Bromus stamineus E. Desv.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea syn. Lolium arundinaceum Schreb. syn. Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) in two contrasting environments in the cropping zone of southern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The performance of two cultivars with contrasting levels of summer activity of each of the latter two species was also assessed. Lucerne was the most productive species evaluated, producing 54Á85% more herbage than phalaris, the next most productive species. Lucerne was also the most persistent species with a higher basal frequency than all other species during the experimental period and, averaged across samplings, had the highest crude protein (22.3%) in the leaf and stem of any species. Chicory herbage had the highest dry matter digestibility (76.7%) and ash content (15.1%) and lowest neutral (35.4%) and acid detergent fibre contents (21.8%) compared with the other species. The more summer-dormant cultivars of cocksfoot (cv. Kasbah) and tall fescue (cv. Fraydo) were both found to be more persistent than their semi-summer-active counterparts (cvv. Currie and Demeter, respectively), demonstrating the importance of summer dormancy for the persistence of both species in these environments. Tall fescue cv. Fraydo was equally persistent yet produced only 42Á51% of the cumulative biomass of phalaris over 5 years, indicating that tall fescue is not a viable species in these drought-prone environments, nor were plantain and grazing brome due to their inferior productivity and persistence. The study highlighted the lack of viable perennial pasture options currently available in cropping zone environments of southern NSW other than lucerne, phalaris and the summer-dormant cultivar of cocksfoot, Kasbah. Chicory and perennial veldt grass, with further breeding and selection under Australian environmental conditions, could have the potential to be viable perennial pasture options for the cropping zone of southern NSW.

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“…Reduced winter activity relates to a collection of processes that 244 enable the plant to survive during the onset of stressful times of the year and that manifest as a slowing 245 of shoots growth. For lucerne, during this period the plant continues active photosynthesis but 246 transitions from partitioning assimilates and activity to below-ground rather than above-ground 247 structures (Christian 1977). Lucerne genotypes can be rated for their winter activity according to the 248 extent of shoot elongation in winter.…”

Section: Representing Different Winter Activity Types 242mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for livestock production in diverse environments

et al. 2017

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A number of models exist to predict lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) dry matter production; however most 30 of these models do not adequately represent the ecophysiology of the species to predict daily growth 31 rates across the range of environments in which it is grown. Since it was developed in the late 1990s 32 the GRAZPLAN model has not been updated to reflect modern genotypes and has not been widely 33 validated across the range of climates and farming systems in which lucerne is grown in modern times. 34Therefore the capacity of GRAZPLAN pasture growth model to predict lucerne growth and 35 development was assessed. This was done by re-estimating values for some key parameters based on 36 information in the scientific literature. The improved GRAZPLAN model was also assessed for its 37 capacity to reflect differences in the growth and physiology of lucerne genotypes with different winter 38 activity. Modifications were made to GRAZPLAN to improve its capacity to reflect changes in 39 phenology due to environmental triggers such as short photoperiods, declining low temperatures, 40 defoliation and water stress. Changes were also made to the parameter governing the effect of vapour 41 pressure VPD on the biomass-transpiration ratio and therefore biomass accumulation. Other 42 developments included the representation of root development and partitioning of canopy structure, 43 notably the ratio of leaf to stem dry matter. Data from replicated field experiments across Australia 44 were identified for the purpose of model validation. These data were broadly representative of the range 45 of climate zones, soil types and farming systems in which lucerne is used for livestock grazing. 46Validation of predicted lucerne growth rates was comprehensive due to the plentiful data. Across a 47 range of climate zones, soils and farming systems there was an overall improvement in the capacity to 48 simulate the pasture dry matter production, with a reduction in the mean prediction error of 0.33 and 49 the root mean square deviation of 9.6 kg/ha/d. Validation of other parts of the model was restricted 50 however as information relating to plant roots, soil water, plant morphology and phenology were 51 limited. This study has highlighted the predictive power, versatility and robust nature of GRAZPLAN 52 to predict the growth, development and nutritive value of perennial species such as lucerne. 53 4

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Effects of The Environment on The Growth of Alfalfa

Cited by 59 publications

References 318 publications

Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorus fertilization

Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorus fertilization

Perennial pastures for recharge control in temperate drought-prone environments. Part 1: productivity, persistence and herbage quality of key species

Modelling of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for livestock production in diverse environments

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