Effects of the evolution of theSerra doMar mountains on the shape of the geographically isolated populations ofAegla schmittiHobbsIII, 1979 (Decapoda:Anomura)

Abstract

Trevisan, A., Marochi, M.Z., Costa, M., Santos, S. and Masunari, S. 2014. Effects of the evolution of the Serra do Mar mountains on the shape of the geographically isolated populations of Aegla schmitti Hobbs III, 1979 (Decapoda: Anomura). -Acta Zool ogica (Stockholm) 00:000-000The Aeglidae family is a useful model for evaluating the shape variation to present small geographically isolated populations and present a carapace structure that allows precise placement of landmarks. We analysed variations of the size and shape of the carapace of seven populations of A. schmitti. We used 18 bidimensional anatomical landmarks on the carapace of adult males. Size variation between the populations was analysed through a univariate analysis of variance, while the shape variation was analysed through a multivariate analysis of variance using the configurations aligned by the generalized Procrustes analysis. The ordination of the populations was investigated through a canonical variables analysis. Individuals from the populations differed in the carapace size, in this case, we observed the largest individuals in the Iguac ßu river basin, followed by Ribeira do Iguape and the Coastal basin. Carapace shape also differed between the populations of A. schmitti, with the exception of the Mato Grande and Piraquara rivers: populations from the Iguac ßu River presented a larger and rounder carapace when compared with the slenderer carapace of the Coastal basin, and the Ribeira do Iguape animals presented intermediate shapes. Data from the present study show great congruency with the draining pattern and geological history of the region.Andr e Trevisan, Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de P os-Graduac ßão em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran a. Centro Polit ecnico, Jardim das Am ericas,

Skull morphology of bottlenose dolphins from different ocean populations with emphasis on South America

“…Skulls of vertebrates have an internal plane of symmetry and this is an example of what Klingenberg, Barluenga, and Meyer (2002) call “object symmetry.” However, biological structures are rarely perfectly symmetrical and, therefore, the degree of asymmetry on these features should be addressed through the study of the symmetric and asymmetric components (Klingenberg et al, 2002). Skulls of the Delphinidae family (including Tursiops ) are left‐skewed (Leatherwood & Reeves, 1990; Jefferson & LeDuc, 2018), thus, as in other studies where the analyzed structures are symmetrical objects (e.g., Barros, 2013; Barros et al, 2017; Trevisan, Marochi, Costa, Santos, & Masunari, 2016), we used the symmetrical components to access the general differences among the morphotypes, but the asymmetric components were also considered to better understand the overall variations among the skulls.…”

Population structure and growth of two opulations of Aegla Schmitti Hobbs III, 1979 (Anomura, Aeglidae) in the eastern Paraná state, Brazil

“…Migration, recruitment pulses, mortality or behavior might explain the unimodaly or bimodality pattern (Díaz & Conde 1989). The Arraial population belongs to a hydrographic basin that is restricted to the easternmost portion of the Paraná state, geographically isolated by the Serra do Mar mountain range, being thus less likely to be affected by migration (Trevisan et al 2016). Likewise, the similarity regarding the size composition of the sexes may have attenuated the effects of behavioral differences, such as sex-specific mortality rates.…”

Asynchronous Hatching and Extended Parental Care in Aegla schmitti (Decapoda, Anomura)

“…Extended parental care causes the juveniles to stay close to the mother, leading to local recruitment, which may be one of the causes of reduced gene flow 5 . Consequently, this may explain the highly endemic distribution of many aeglid species, and may be one of the factors influencing the morphological variation between different populations of A. schmitti 18 . Our results provide new evidence for extended parental care in aeglids and demonstrate asynchrony in the hatching period.…”

“…Although many species of aeglids have a narrow distribution 16 , Aegla schmitti Hobbs III, 1978 has a particularly broad distribution, occurring in the Ribeira de Iguape and Litorânea river basins and in the east of the Iguaçu river basin, Paraná, Brazil 14 . This species has a highly variable morphology, which may be related to reproductive isolation, geological events, and environmental differences between populations 17,18 . According to Teodosio and Masunari (2009) and Chiquetto-Machado et al (2016), A. schmitti has two reproductive cycles during its life, with the most intense period of egg incubation occurring during winter and hatching mostly occurring in early spring 19,20 .…”