Effects of the Flooding Gradient on Tree Community Diversity in <i><scp>V</scp>árzea </i><scp>F</scp>orests of the <scp>P</scp>urus <scp>R</scp>iver, <scp>C</scp>entral <scp>A</scp>mazon, <scp>B</scp>razil

Luize, Bruno Garcia; Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire; Wittmann, Florian; Assis, Rafael Leandro de; Venticinque, Eduardo Martins

doi:10.1111/btp.12203

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The four families who have excelled in number of species in the two periods were well represented in other surveys which investigated the floristic composition in floodplain forest (ALMEIDA et al, 2004;JARDIM, 2011;JARDIM, 2013), evidencing the constant frequency of Fabaceae (WITTMANN et al, 2006;LUIZE et al, 2015). The Shannon index values for the high rainy period (2.60) and less rainy period (2.53) were similar and can be considered low, but it is a pattern frequently observed in estuarine lowlands (SANTOS; JARDIM, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Other environmental factors were not analyzed in this study, such as the availability of light, topography and flood level. For lowland forests, studies suggest that these environmental variables, especially the flood level, are crucial in the distribution and development of adult plants and regenerating (CATTÂNIO et al, 2002;MARINHO et al, 2010;WITTMANN et al, 2011;LUIZE et al, 2015). In addition, species with less than twenty individuals were excluded from the analysis, which may have influenced the observed pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Edaphic and Climatic Relation and Its Influence on the Composition Floristic Lower Stratum in a Floodplain Forest, Pará, Brazil

Braga

Jardim

2016

Rev. Árvore

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-This work evaluated the soil and climate influence in the floristic composition of the lower stratum in a floodplain forest in the environmental protection area of Combu Island, in Belém, Pará. From February to April (high rainy period) and from May to July (less rainy period), all individuals with height < 1 m were sampled and identified in four plots of 20 x 20 m divided into subplots of 1 m². A sample of soil per plot was collected at the depth of 20 cm in the months of April and July. The relationship between floristic with edaphic and climatic conditions was evaluated by a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The floristic composition between the two studied periods was similar. Differently, the physico-chemical soil composition showed variation between the two periods. The CCA indicated a significant correlation between the distribution of species and edaphic factors, although most species were not influenced by soil variables, in particular the most abundant ones. Some species showed a relationship with In and fine sand, indicating the existence of preferential sites for some species. RESUMO -Este trabalho avaliou a relação edafo-climática e sua influência sob a composição florística do estrato inferior em uma floresta ombrófila densa aluvial localizada na Área de Proteção Ambiental, Ilha do Combu, Belém, Pará. De fevereiro a abril (período mais chuvoso) e de maio a julho (período menos chuvoso) foram amostrados e identificados todos os indivíduos com altura < 1 m em quatro parcelas de 20 x 20 m divididas em subparcelas de 1m². Foi coletada uma amostra composta de solo por parcela na profundidade de 20 cm nos meses de abril e julho. Para relacionar a florística com as condições edafoclimáticas foi realizada uma análise de correspondência canônica (CCA). A composição florística dos períodos foi similar. A composição físico-química do solo apresentou variação entre os períodos. A CCA indicou correlação significativa entre a distribuição das espécies e os fatores edáficos, no entanto, a maioria das espécies não foi influenciada pelas variáveis do solo, em especial as mais abundantes. Algumas espécies apresentaram relação com o Na e areia fina, indicando a existência de sítios preferenciais para algumas espécies.Palavras-chave: Período chuvoso e menos chuvoso; Composição físico-química; Espécies generalistas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edaphic and Climatic Relation and Its Influence on the Composition Floristic Lower Stratum in a Floodplain Forest, Pará, Brazil

Braga

Jardim

2016

Rev. Árvore

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“…This region is located in a lowland area subjected to water flooding, influenced by the seasonality of the river level ( Haugaasen and Peres, 2006 ). These flooded forests, which appear on the rainy season, form complexes labyrinths made by tree logs, rocks and every type of vegetation common to such environments ( Luize et al, 2015 ). This particular habitat favors fish dispersion and the consequent subpopulations segregation until their future reconnection during the dry periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bunocephalus coracoideus Species Complex (Siluriformes, Aspredinidae). Signs of a Speciation Process through Chromosomal, Genetic and Ecological Diversity

et al. 2017

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Bunocephalus is the most species-rich Aspredinidae genus, corresponding to a monophyletic clade with 13 valid species. However, many species have their classification put in question. Here, we analyzed individuals from four Amazonian populations of Bunocephalus coracoideus by cytogenetic and molecular procedures. The geographic distribution, genetic distances and karyotype data indicate that each population represents an Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). Cytogenetic markers showed distinct 2n and karyotype formulas, as well as different numbers and locations of the rDNA sites among ESUs. One of such populations (ESU-D) highlighted an extensive polymorphic condition, with several cytotypes probably due to chromosomal rearrangements and meiotic non-disjunctions. This resulted in several aneuploid karyotypes, which was also supported by the mapping of telomeric sequences. Phylograms based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Neighbor Joining (NJ) analyses grouped each ESU on particular highly supported clades, with the estimation of evolutionary divergence indicating values being higher than 3.8–12.3% among them. Our study reveals a huge degree of chromosomal and genetic diversity in B. coracoideus and highly points to the existence of four ESUs in allopatric and sympatric speciation processes. In fact, the high divergences found among the ESUs allowed us to delimitate lineages with taxonomic uncertainties in this nominal species.

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“…Flooded forests cover more than 800,000 km 2 of the Amazon lowlands during the high‐water season (Melack & Hess, ) but have been sparsely studied compared with “terra firme” forests. This periodic flooding exerts a strong influence on the structure and composition of plant species, which continuously change along the river channel (Albernaz et al., ; Luize, Silva, Wittmann, Assis, & Venticinque, ; Rosales, Petts, & Knab‐Vispo, ; Wittmann, Junk, & Piedade, ). Forests flooded with white or muddy water, such as water from the Solimões River, are referred to as “várzea” (Sioli, ), while those flooded by black and acidic water, such as that of the Negro River, or by clear water, such as that from the Tapajós River, are referred to as “igapó” (Kubitzki, ; Prance, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and β‐diversity of tree species in igapó forests (Negro River basin, Brazilian Amazon)

Scudeller

Vegas‐Vilarrúbia

2018

J Vegetation Science

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Questions How are the tree species of the periodically flooded black water forest distributed along the Negro River basin (igapó)? Can we classify the tree communities into similarity groups? Are oligarchic species present? Methods We analysed available data on tree species composition in vegetation plots located in the Negro River basin (igapó forests) in Brazil and built a similarity matrix based on Sørensen's similarity index. We applied principal coordinates analysis, established community groups (a posteriori) and applied both multi‐response permutation procedures and indicator species analysis. Results Among 19 surveys conducted in igapó forests, at least 604 woody taxa were recognized, and 384 taxa were identified to species level. Igapó tree species were not as frequent or abundant as were other tree species of the Amazon upland forest, although they were widely distributed in other forest types. The Sørensen similarity index was low (Ss = 0.16). Generally, the highest similarity values were recorded between surveys that were spatially close. The multivariate analyses suggested the existence of a strong vegetation gradient along the Negro River. The two groups established a posteriori showed 25 species with an indicator value (IV) >50%, and 68 species presented IndValues in both groups. Conclusions Our results show a strong turnover of tree species replacement along the course of the Negro River, with 57.5% of species restricted to one survey of occurrence. This trend is particularly notable from the point at which the Branco River strongly discharges into the Negro River. No species show high values for range distribution or local abundance, although four were considered moderately frequent. The upper parts of the main rivers have indicator species that are less frequent downstream.

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Effects of the Flooding Gradient on Tree Community Diversity in Várzea Forests of the Purus River, Central Amazon, Brazil

Abstract: Amazonian floodplain forests have remarkable variation in tree diversity and structure related to flood duration. We assessed how floodplain forests respond to the continuum flooding gradient and found that Fisher's α values vary up to seven times across the landscape.

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Edaphic and Climatic Relation and Its Influence on the Composition Floristic Lower Stratum in a Floodplain Forest, Pará, Brazil

Edaphic and Climatic Relation and Its Influence on the Composition Floristic Lower Stratum in a Floodplain Forest, Pará, Brazil

The Bunocephalus coracoideus Species Complex (Siluriformes, Aspredinidae). Signs of a Speciation Process through Chromosomal, Genetic and Ecological Diversity

Distribution and β‐diversity of tree species in igapó forests (Negro River basin, Brazilian Amazon)

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