Effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa damascena on learning and memory in male rats consuming a high-fat diet

Abstract

Context: High-fat diet (HFD) can cause deficits in learning and memory through oxidative stress and increase Alzheimer disease risk. Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) extract possesses potent antioxidant properties. Objective: This study investigated the effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of petals of R. damascena on learning and memory in male rats consuming an HFD. Materials and methods: Forty male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned to four groups: control, R. damascena extract, HFD and HFD + extract. The extract (1 g/kg bw daily) was administered by oral gavage for 1 month. Animals were allowed free access to high-fat chow for 3 months. The Morris water maze and the passive avoidance learning tests were used to assess learning and memory. Results: In the passive avoidance learning test, the step-through latencies in the retention test (STLr) of the extract (147.4 ± 23.3) and HFD (150.3 ± 25.2) groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (270.4 ± 10.5) (respectively, p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). STLr was significantly higher in the HFD + extract group (265.3 ± 10.6) than in the HFD group (150.3 ± 25.2) (p < 0.01). Time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) in the HFD + extract group (5.3 ± 2.6) was significantly lower than that in the HFD group (85.8 ± 19.1) (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusion: Our results indicate that, while HFD or R. damascena extract alone leads to memory deficits, R. damascena extract exerted a positive effect on HFD-induced memory deficits. We hypothesize that the observed effects of R. damascena extract are likely due to its strong antioxidant properties.

Effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on passive avoidance learning and memory

“…Previous data suggest that MO contains high condensation of antioxidants (42)(43)(44)(45). The antioxidant activity of plants could be due to their phenolic compounds (27,46,47). MO has been shown…”

“…Afterward, 30 seconds later the animal was delivered to the cage. After two minutes, the animal was retested and if it did not enter the dark chamber in 120 seconds, successful acquisition of a passive avoidance behavior was reported (27,28). The number of trials to the acquisition was reported as a measurement of learning (29,30).…”

“…The retention test was conducted 24 hours following PAL acquisition (27,(31)(32)(33). The animals were located in the light chamber, similar to PAL acquisition, and after five seconds, the door was lifted, and the latency to enter the dark chamber (step-through latency; STL) and time spent in the dark chamber (TDC) were reported for up to 300 seconds.…”

Schisantherin A Improves the Learning and Memory by Reducing the Phosphorylation of Tau Protein of the Hippocampus in AD Mice

“…The second test was performed at an interval of 24 hours, and the latency and the number of errors within 5 minutes for each mouse were recorded. 15…”

“…The step-through test is a standard method to assess shortterm or long-term memory of mice. 15 By using the stepthrough test, we examined the effects of SCA on the learning and memory in an AD model mice ( Figure 1). AD model mice were produced by Aβ 1-42 .…”