Effects of the Rango Cards game intervention on food consumption, nutritional knowledge and self-efficacy in the adoption of healthy eating practices of high school students: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to assess the impact of a game-based nutritional intervention on food consumption, nutritional knowledge and self-efficacy in the adoption of healthy eating practices. Design: This cluster randomised controlled trial included both male and female high school students from private schools in the Federal District, Brazil. Four schools were randomly selected for each group. Investigated variables were age, sex, monthly family income, maternal education level, dietary perceptions and practices, nutritional knowledge and self-efficacy in the adoption of healthy eating practices. Setting: Intervention group participants were instructed to play Rango Cards, a digital game developed for the study, on their own, for a period of 7–17 d, while the control group was not provided with any game or material during the study. Participants: The study included 319 adolescents (mean age = 15·8 (sd 0·7) years). Results: Significant reductions were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group for the following variables: habit of eating while watching TV or studying and having meals at fast food restaurants. The intervention group showed increased knowledge of the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption as well as improved self-efficacy in the adoption of healthy eating practices such as reducing Na intake and preparing healthy meals. Conclusions: The design of Rango Cards is potentially capable of effecting positive changes. Therefore, the digital game promotes autonomy and self-care among adolescents with regard to healthy eating.

Gamification for the Improvement of Diet, Nutritional Habits, and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…All included studies were clinical trials [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The total sample was 11,280 children and adolescents.…”

“…Weekly intake of fruit [ 28 , 35 , 39 , 49 ] and vegetables [ 27 , 33 , 35 , 39 , 49 ] was augmented with an increase of about 0.67 servings per day up to 1 serving [ 30 , 32 ]. Intake of nutrients related to fruits and vegetables such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, potassium, and dietary fibre improved [ 31 , 46 ]. The consumption of whole and protein-rich foods was also increased [ 35 ], and the sugar intake decreased significantly [ 42 ].…”

“…In addition, knowledge about the five major macronutrients improved after intervention, although not at follow-up [ 37 ]. It also improved self-efficacy in the adoption of healthy eating practices such as the preparation of healthy meals [ 31 ].…”

“…Regarding eating habits, after the intervention, the frequency of eating while watching television or studying as well as eating in fast food restaurants was reduced [ 31 ].…”

Tailored smartphone intervention to promote healthy eating among Brazilian adolescents: a randomised controlled trial protocol

“…To assess nutritional knowledge and self-efficacy in the adoption of healthy practices, an instrument developed and validated for nutritional interventions with Brazilian adolescents will be used. 32 For the nutritional knowledge module, the adolescents will evaluate each statement on a Likert scale ranging from 1 ('I don't agree at all') to 5 ('I totally agree'); for the self-efficacy module, the scale will range from 1 ('Definitely no') to 5 ('Definitely yes').…”