Effects of the injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion characteristics in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) optical engine

Song, Jingeun; Kim, Tae-Hoon; Jang, Ji-Young; Park, Sungwook

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.058

Cited by 81 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It was shown that early injection produces fuel impingement and increases the concentration of fuel films in the piston crown, cylinder liner and cylinder head leading to pool fires and hence intense particle formation at the end of the combustion process. Delaying the injection timing to more homogeneous conditions (similar to 303 CAD bTDC in the present study) rich fuel vapour clouds in the combustion chamber free volume are reported to be the source of PM (Storch et al, 2015) and particularly the presence of rich fuel regions in the intake area (Song et al, 2015). Similar conclusions have been obtained in (Sementa et al, 2012) and (Jiao et al, 2015) for similar injection timings than the ones used in this work.…”

Section: Number Of Primary Particles and Radius Of Gyrationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…It is agreed in the literature that the sources of PM formation are i) the presence of rich in fuel pockets during the combustion even in homogeneous mixtures ii) wall fuel-film formation due to fuel impingement and thus, pool fire and iii) carbonization of non-combusted fuel droplets (Bonatesta et al, 2014;Drake et al, 2003;Köpple et al, 2015;Song et al, 2015). The presence of pool fires is unavoidable in the wall-guided GDI engines (Song et al, 2015) and for gasoline engines the lack of oxygen can limit the oxidation of PM (Winklhofer et al, 2011). Furthermore, pool fires diffusive combustion begins late when the temperatures inside the chamber are low for soot oxidation (Stojkovic et al, 2005).…”

Section: Number Of Primary Particles and Radius Of Gyrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to understand the mechanism governing PM formation and oxidation as well as the final exhaust-out emissions in GDI engines, optical techniques (Sementa et al, 2012;Stojkovic et al, 2005) and computational fluid dynamics (Bonatesta et al, 2014;Jiao et al, 2015;Köpple et al, 2015) have been used. It is agreed in the literature that the sources of PM formation are i) the presence of rich in fuel pockets during the combustion even in homogeneous mixtures ii) wall fuel-film formation due to fuel impingement and thus, pool fire and iii) carbonization of non-combusted fuel droplets (Bonatesta et al, 2014;Drake et al, 2003;Köpple et al, 2015;Song et al, 2015). The presence of pool fires is unavoidable in the wall-guided GDI engines (Song et al, 2015) and for gasoline engines the lack of oxygen can limit the oxidation of PM (Winklhofer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Number Of Primary Particles and Radius Of Gyrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of exhaust gas fuel reforming and exhaust gas recirculation on particulate matter morphology in Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Bogarra

Herreros

Tsolakis

et al. 2017

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Section: Number Of Primary Particles and Radius Of Gyrationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Number Of Primary Particles and Radius Of Gyrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Primary Particles and Radius Of Gyrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of exhaust gas fuel reforming and exhaust gas recirculation on particulate matter morphology in Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Bogarra

Herreros

Tsolakis

et al. 2017

Journal of Aerosol Science

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show abstract

“…Actually, complete knowledge about the main aspects that influence knock evolution can be of great benefit with respect to the next emission standard, as well as reducing development costs. Predicting knock is very complicated; for these reasons, it is necessary to analyse in detail the processes occurring within the combustion chamber [15], [18], [20], [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Marseglia

Medaglia

2018

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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The growing awareness about the environmental impact of human activities and their influence on the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has recently affected research efforts in the transportation field. Knocking in gasoline direct ignition (GDI) engine, is a kind of abnormal combustion that can restrict engine energy efficiency. It can also lead to permanent engine damage, under specific operating conditions. This paper focuses on the state of the art of engine knock research, considering the causes, influencing aspects, effects and methodology to predict and to reduce the probability of occurrence of this phenomenon. We present some examples of experimental procedures that were followed to analyze this event, through visualization images that can be supported by numerical activity, consisting of fluid dynamic simulation of the combustion process. Different systems to measure engine knock intensity and some mathematical models to predict abnormal combustion, in order to improve engine performance, are analyzed. Finally, in this work we try to give new perspectives for future research, through the use of different techniques to achieve knocking reduction.

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“…Furthermore, injection during the latter stage of compression stroke ("stratified charge") suppresses the tendency towards knock. Several researchers studied stratified injection mode [10][11][12][13][14][15] with significant improvements in performance. However, several problems were found in the form of a reduction in combustion stability, difficulties setting the desired air-fuel ratio at spark timing and an increase of particle emissions [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Front and Burned Gas Characteristics for Different Split Injection Ratios and Phasing in an Optical GDI Engine

2019

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Direct-injection in spark-ignition engines has long been recognized as a valid option for improving fuel economy, reducing CO2 emissions and avoiding knock occurrence due to higher flexibility in control strategies. However, problems associated with mixture formation are responsible for soot emissions, one of the most limiting factors of this technology. Therefore, the combustion process and soot formation were investigated with different injection strategies on a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. The experimental analysis was realized on an optically accessible single cylinder engine when applying single, double and triple injection strategies. Moreover, the effect of fuel delivery phasing was also scrutinized by changing the start of the injection during late intake- and early compression-strokes. The duration of injection was split in different percentages between two or three pulses, so as to obtain close to stoichiometric operation in all conditions. The engine was operated at fixed rotational speed and spark timing, with wide-open throttle. Optical diagnostics based on cycle resolved digital imaging was applied during the early and late stages of the combustion process. Detailed information on the flame front morphology and soot formation were obtained. The optical data were correlated to in-cylinder pressure traces and exhaust gas emission measurements. The results suggest that the split injection of the fuel has advantages in terms of reduction of soot formation and NOx emissions and a similar combustion performance with respect to the single injection timing. Moreover, an early injection resulted in higher rates of heat release and in-cylinder pressure, together with a reduction of soot formation and flame distortion. The double injection strategy with higher percentage of fuel injected in the first pulse and early second injection pulse showed the best results in terms of combustion evolution and pollutant emissions. For the operative condition studied, a higher time for mixture homogenization and split of fuel injected in the intake stroke shows the best results.

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Effects of the injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion characteristics in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) optical engine

Cited by 81 publications

References 32 publications

Impact of exhaust gas fuel reforming and exhaust gas recirculation on particulate matter morphology in Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Impact of exhaust gas fuel reforming and exhaust gas recirculation on particulate matter morphology in Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Energy Efficiency in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Flame Front and Burned Gas Characteristics for Different Split Injection Ratios and Phasing in an Optical GDI Engine

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