Effects of the Ionic and Nanoparticle Forms of Cu and Ag on These Metals’ Bioaccumulation in the Eggs and Fry of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of science, and an increasing number of nanoproducts, including nanometals, can be found on the market. Various nanometals and the products that are manufactured based on them can help to fight bacteria and fungi, but they can also penetrate organisms and accumulate in them. This study aimed to compare the effects of two metals, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu), with known antibacterial and fungicidal properties in their ionic (AgNO3, CuSO4·5H2O) and nanoparticle (AgNPs, CuNPs) forms on rainbow trout eggs and fry. Concentrations of metals ranging from 0 to 16 mg/L were used during egg swelling for 2 h. The swelling of eggs in Cu solutions resulted in an increase in Cu content in the eggs (just like in the case of Ag); however, the changes in fry were not significant in the case of both Ag and Cu. The concentrations of these metals in eggs was greatly affected by the applied form of Ag and Cu. Because CuNPs penetrated the embryo in fish eggs at lower concentrations compared to AgNPs, it would be worth considering them for antibacterial applications during egg incubation.

Survival of Embryos and Fry of Sea Trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta) Growing from Eggs Exposed to Different Concentrations of Selenium during Egg Swelling

“…Se content in unfertilised egg and hatchery water was very low (selenium-poor area). In egg, the element concentration was 1.6 μg Se g -1 (dw) (assuming 65% moisture of eggs [69,70]) and in aquarium water of 0.04 μg Se L -1 . Considering Se content in egg and water, envelope permeability, optimal demand for Se for young stages, and to detect toxic concentration for embryos, eight concentrations of selenium 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg Se L -1 (experimental groups 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 Se) were prepared to dissolve SeO2 (Merck) in separated aquarium water.…”

The Effect of Copper and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) Spermatozoa Motility after Incubation with Contaminants

“…Possible effects of nanoproducts on the organism are: adhesion to a cell’s surface, accumulation in tissues, transformation into an ionic form, causing dysfunction of metabolic pathways, disturbance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In extreme cases, nanoparticles’ toxic effects may cause the death of organisms [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. In animals with external fertilisation, nanoparticles not only have a direct effect on organisms but also on gametes discarded into the aquatic environment.…”