Effects of the m gene for muscular hypertrophy on conformation at one year of age in beef cattle

Nott, C. F. G.; Rollins, W. C.; Tanaka, Moira

doi:10.1186/1297-9686-12-2-143

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This may be detrimental for the blood circulation in the hooves and the formation of new horn. This is confirmed by the undersized limb bones in DM-animals [ 44 ] and the smaller circumference of the canon bone [ 108 ] and the femur [ 48 ]. Inhibition of collagen synthesis in connective tissues may also attenuate mechanical and structural adaptation of tendons and ligaments.…”

Section: Consequences Of the Inactivation Of Myostatin On Conformamentioning

confidence: 85%

Double Muscling in Cattle: Genes, Husbandry, Carcasses and Meat

Fiems¹

2012

Animals

115

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Simple SummarySelection for an increased meatiness in beef cattle has resulted in double-muscled (DM) animals, owing to the inactivation of the myostatin gene. These animals are characterized by an excellent conformation and an extremely high carcass yield, coinciding with a reduced organ mass. As a consequence, voluntary feed intake is reduced, but feed efficiency is considerably improved, although maintenance requirements are not clearly reduced. DM animals are more susceptible to respiratory disease, stress and dystocia, requiring extra attention for accommodation and welfare. Carcasses of DM animals are very lean, and intramuscular fat content is low. The fatty acid profile is different when compared with non-DM animals, containing less saturated fatty acids. Collagen content of the meat is lower, so that meat from double-muscled animals is mostly more tender. However, meat tenderness, color and juiciness are not always improved. A different metabolism as a consequence of faster glycolytic myofibers can be partly responsible for this phenomenon. DM animals are interesting for the producer and butcher, and beneficial for the consumer, if an appropriate nutrition and accommodation, and adequate slaughter conditions are taken into account.AbstractMolecular biology has enabled the identification of the mechanisms whereby inactive myostatin increases skeletal muscle growth in double-muscled (DM) animals. Myostatin is a secreted growth differentiation factor belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Mutations make the myostatin gene inactive, resulting in muscle hypertrophy. The relationship between the different characteristics of DM cattle are defined with possible consequences for livestock husbandry. The extremely high carcass yield of DM animals coincides with a reduction in the size of most vital organs. As a consequence, DM animals may be more susceptible to respiratory disease, urolithiasis, lameness, nutritional stress, heat stress and dystocia, resulting in a lower robustness. Their feed intake capacity is reduced, necessitating a diet with a greater nutrient density. The modified myofiber type is responsible for a lower capillary density, and it induces a more glycolytic metabolism. There are associated changes for the living animal and post-mortem metabolism alterations, requiring appropriate slaughter conditions to maintain a high meat quality. Intramuscular fat content is low, and it is characterized by more unsaturated fatty acids, providing healthier meat for the consumer. It may not always be easy to find a balance between the different disciplines underlying the livestock husbandry of DM animals to realize a good performance and health and meat quality.

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Section: Consequences Of the Inactivation Of Myostatin On Conformamentioning

confidence: 85%

Double Muscling in Cattle: Genes, Husbandry, Carcasses and Meat

Fiems¹

2012

Animals

115

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“…[12,13,17,19,21]; also reviewed by Arthur [3]); and (ii) results of studies where crossbred animals were directly genotyped [4,5]. While such studies act as benchmarks for the current study, the results of both sets need to be confirmed for a single population with a segregating del11 allele.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the key information required is the way in which the del11 allele affects traits of economic importance. There is information available in the literature on the effects of double muscling on weight [4,5,19], muscling [4,21] and calving difficulty [5]. However, this information is limited in two ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-related traits in�cattle: The role of the myostatin gene in the South Devon breed

et al. 2002

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-In this paper, we examined the effects of an 11-bp mutation within the GDF-8 gene, originally identified in Belgian Blue cattle, in the South Devon breed. The mutation was found at moderate frequency (0.37) in the South Devon population. We quantified the effects of this mutation on growth, body composition and calving traits in South Devon cattle. We found that the mutation significantly increased muscle score and calving difficulty and decreased fat depth. The mutation did not significantly affect weight at 200 and 400 days or muscle depth. Its effect on muscle score and fat depth was additive while its effect on calving difficulty was recessive. The mutation accounted for a significant proportion of the phenotypic variance in muscle score and calving difficulty. There was an economic benefit of the mutation for this data set, however, calculations were sensitive to changes in the parameter values. Additional data would be required to refine these calculations. GDF-8 / myostatin / South Devon cattle / double muscling / muscle hypertrophy

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“…Double muscling is an inherited character which is determined by one major gene (rr) whose expression is influenced by polygenic (modifying genes) and non-genetic (environmental) effects (Nott and Rollins 1979). However, Menissier (1982) suggested the possibility of a polygenic determination of double mus-cling as an all-or-nothing trait.…”

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confidence: 99%