Effects of the Passive Transfer of Anti-gB Antibodies in a Rabbit Model of HSV-1 -Induced Keratitis

Incorvaia, Carlo; Manservigi, Roberto; Parmeggiani, Francesco; Monini, Paolo; Longhini, L.; Caselli, Elisabetta; Cassai, Enzo

doi:10.1159/000310655

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Our proteome-wide screening approach adds to this database additional antigens that have not been described before. The importance of antibody in mediating immunity to HSV infection is confirmed in passive transfer experiments in animal models (35,39,58,62,68,72). Immune sera are known to have broad reactivity to several antigens, including different envelope glycoproteins, tegument proteins, and capsid proteins (25,63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Discovery of Potential Diagnostic and Vaccine Antigens in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 by Proteome-Wide Antibody Profiling

Kalantari-Dehaghi

Chun

Chentoufi

et al. 2012

J Virol

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c Routine serodiagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections is currently performed using recombinant glycoprotein G (gG) antigens from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. This is a single-antigen test and has only one diagnostic application. Relatively little is known about HSV antigenicity at the proteome-wide level, and the full potential of mining the antibody repertoire to identify antigens with other useful diagnostic properties and candidate vaccine antigens is yet to be realized. To this end we produced HSV-1 and -2 proteome microarrays in Escherichia coli and probed them against a panel of sera from patients serotyped using commercial gG-1 and gG-2 (gGs for HSV-1 and -2, respectively) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We identified many reactive antigens in both HSV-1 and -2, some of which were type specific (i.e., recognized by HSV-1-or HSV-2-positive donors only) and others of which were nonspecific or cross-reactive (i.e., recognized by both HSV-1-and HSV-2-positive donors). Both membrane and nonmembrane virion proteins were antigenic, although type-specific antigens were enriched for membrane proteins, despite being expressed in E. coli. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 cause significant human morbidity. HSV-2 is the causative agent of most recurrent genital herpes lesions and is sexually transmitted. Infections are often asymptomatic, and most infected individuals are unaware of the infection, yet HSV-2 is associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition (33) and an increased risk during pregnancy of spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and perinatal herpes (12, 13). Unawareness of HSV-2 infection is also a major contributing factor to transmission to uninfected partners (64,65). In contrast, HSV-1 is usually transmitted during childhood and is found to be associated predominantly with orolabial infections (cold sores). Also, HSV-1 infection of the eye (ocular herpes) is the most common cause of infectious corneal blindness in industrialized countries. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish lifelong latent infections within the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia and are characterized by periodic reactivation and virus shedding from mucocutaneous epithelium. Owing to the different natural histories and outcomes of HSV-1 and -2 infections, accurate diagnosis of the HSV type is important for patient management and prognosis and controlling potential transmission. For example, knowing the specific HSV type can help the patient take appropriate precautions to prevent transmission of the disease to others. In particular, the identification of unrecognized HSV-2 infection can be used to carefully monitor virus shedding during pregnancy and minimize the risk of perinatal infection.Laboratory tests for HSV infection include virus culture, virus neutralization, PCR, and serological tests. Virus culture is considered the "gold standard" in the early stages of a primary infection. However, it is less sensitive during the healing stage of infection or during recurrent infections. Culture testi...

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