Effects of the Pelotas (Brazil) Peace Pact on violence and crime: a synthetic control analysis

Esposti, Michelle Degli; Coll, Carolina de Vargas Nunes; Silva, Eduardo Viegas da; Borges, Doriam; Rojido, Emiliano; Santos, Alisson Gomes dos; Cano, Ignacio; Murray, Joseph A.

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100447

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Brazil is known to have high rates of crime and community violence 41 and the southern city of Pelotas—where this study was conducted—mirrors high national rates. 42 Our finding that almost half of children had experienced conventional crime victimisation by the age of 4 years suggests that infants and young children are not protected from community violence, and evidence from other studies shows even proximity to severe violence in the community has significant impact on children's development. 43 It should be noted that several of the most frequent “conventional crime” items reported in this study could have been interpreted in relation to events that actually happened between peers/siblings (such as using force to take things the child was carrying or wearing).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Unique and shared risk factors for early childhood victimisation and polyvictimisation in a Brazilian population-based birth cohort

Buffarini,

Coll,

Esposti

et al. 2024

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Unique and shared risk factors for early childhood victimisation and polyvictimisation in a Brazilian population-based birth cohort

Buffarini,

Coll,

Esposti

et al. 2024

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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“…According to Butts et al, CV programs rely on three main elements to stop the transmission of violent behaviors: (i) interrupting transmission directly; (ii) identifying and changing the thoughts of potential transmitters (e.g., people at a higher risk of perpetrating violence); and (iii) changing norms regarding violence [55]. Although studies carried out in US [57][58][59][60][61] as well as elsewhere [62] have shown some effectiveness in crime reduction, a recent study by Buggs and colleagues that estimated the long-term impact of Safe Streets Baltimore, a CV outreach and violence interruption model on firearm violence, found that it produced disparate impacts on violent crime across implementation sites with more evidence of harm than benefit [61]. The authors emphasized the need to identify and replicate components of effective community outreach and violence interruption work as well as to directly address systemic drivers of community violence as a means to be able to reduce violence in communities nationwide.…”

Section: The Public Health Approach To Crime Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Problems! and Common Solutions? — Teaching at the Intersection Between Public Health and Criminology: A Public Health Perspective

Macassa,

McGrath

2024

Annals of Global Health

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Public health and criminology share similar current and future challenges, mostly related to crime and health causation, prevention, and sustainable development. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to education at the intersection of public health and criminology can be an integral part of future training in areas of mutual interest. Based on reflections on teaching criminology students, this viewpoint discusses the main interconnections between public health and criminology teaching through the public health lens. The paper discusses potential challenges associated with interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Among these challenges is communication across the different fields and their perspectives to be able to achieve the desired complementarity at the intersection of the two disciplines.

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Hidden suicides. Comparing drug death rates in Canada and Australia

Snowdon,

Rockett,

Caine

2024

Preprint

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Purposes World suicide rates are underestimated, largely due to misclassification of suicides. Our study aimed to compare recent changes in rates of suicide and of deaths that could have been ‘hidden suicides’ in Canada and Australia, where drug death rates are relatively high. When suicides are mis-coded (using ICD-10) it is most commonly as unintentional, unknown cause (R99) or event of undetermined intent (EUI). Method Statistics Canada and the Australian Bureau of Statistics provided underlying cause-of-death data regarding deaths between 2000 and 2022, coded as natural, or of unknown cause, or external cause (including suicides, accidents, and events of undetermined intent). Rates in the two nations were compared, with particular focus on ‘deaths from drug self-intoxication’. Results Graphs show changes in drug death rates in Canada and Australia between 2000 and 2022. By 2017, Canada’s rate was double Australia’s. Their suicide rates (total and drug) were similar but Canada’s declined after 2019. R99 and EUI death rates were higher in Canada; EUI drug death rates are now low in both. Conclusion There is evidence of high rates of ‘hidden’ drug suicide in Canada. Insufficient research has been conducted regarding background factors that lead people to self-intoxicate and thus (in many cases) kill themselves. Stringent policies regarding establishing intentionality have resulted in misclassification of drug suicides as unintentional. Better integration between addiction and mental health services and assiduous investigation of drug overdose deaths (including increased use of psychological or verbal autopsy) will help identify overdose suicides and facilitate preventive strategies.

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Effects of the Pelotas (Brazil) Peace Pact on violence and crime: a synthetic control analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Unique and shared risk factors for early childhood victimisation and polyvictimisation in a Brazilian population-based birth cohort

Unique and shared risk factors for early childhood victimisation and polyvictimisation in a Brazilian population-based birth cohort

Common Problems! and Common Solutions? — Teaching at the Intersection Between Public Health and Criminology: A Public Health Perspective

Hidden suicides. Comparing drug death rates in Canada and Australia

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