Effects of the Pineal Gland Upon the Hair Cycles in Mice

Houssay, Alberto B.; Pazo, Jorge H.; Epper, C E

doi:10.1038/jid.1966.135

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Enlargement of the thyroid gland of mice after pinealec tomy has been reported [41, 55]. Hypertrophy of the rat thy roid gland has also been reported after pinealectomy [23,40, 60,96].…”

Section: Effects Of Pinealectomy On the Neuroendocrine-thyroid Axismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Houssay et al [41] found that administration of melato nin prevented the thyroid hypertrophy obtained in mice af ter pinealectomy, but had no effect on size of the thyroid gland in sham-operated controls. Baschieri et al [4] found that melatonin administration reduced the thyroid hyper plasia obtained with methythiouracil.…”

Section: Effects O F Melatonin In Rats and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for Pineal Gland Modulation of the Neuroendocrine-Thyroid Axis

Vriend¹

1983

Neuroendocrinology

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Experiments with rats and hamsters have provided evidence for an inhibitory action of the pineal gland on the neuroendocrine-thyroid axis. While maintenance of these animals in short photoperiod results in reduced levels of circulating thyroxin (T4), pinealectomy restores the levels to normal. Recent studies suggest that an active pineal gland produces a substance which inhibits thyrotrophin-releasing hormone release from the hypothalamus. Several investigators have concluded that endogenous melatonin, produced in the pineal gland, could account for the inhibitory action of the pineal gland on blood T4 levels. Although melatonin administration has been reported to inhibit blood T4 levels in both rats and hamsters, under certain experimental conditions melatonin administration can be demonstrated to have a counter-antithy-rotrophic effect resulting in increased blood levels of T4 and thyrotrophin. Assay of blood levels of melatonin of rats and hamsters under various experimental conditions will be necessary to distinguish physiological from pharmacological effects of melatonin. Lesion studies as well as studies with melatonin implants in the brain, suggest that the site of action is in the anterior hypothalamus. The effects of melatonin on the neuroendocrine-thyroid axis are similar to its effects on the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis, leading to the hypothesis of a common site of action for the thyroid and gonadal effects of melatonin. Although many pineal ‘factors’ have been postulated to account for the action of this gland, an action of melatonin on the serotonergic system of the brain stem could account for the data.

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“…Enlargement of the thyroid gland of mice after pinealec tomy has been reported [41, 55]. Hypertrophy of the rat thy roid gland has also been reported after pinealectomy [23,40, 60,96].…”

Section: Effects Of Pinealectomy On the Neuroendocrine-thyroid Axismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Effects O F Melatonin In Rats and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Pineal Gland Modulation of the Neuroendocrine-Thyroid Axis

Vriend¹

1983

Neuroendocrinology

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“…As early as 1912, Foa attempted pinealectomy in domestic fowls and since then, cats, dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, lampreys, frogs, ground squirrels, ferrets, quails, hamsters, rats (Izawa, 1926;Anderson and Wolf, 1934;Nakatani et al, 1940;Kitay and Altschule, 1954;Nagata and Yamashita, 1957;Hsieh and Ota, 1969) and mice (Houssay et al, 1966a and b) have been used for pinealectomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A newly designed method for removal of the pineal body, and depression of convulsions and enhancement of exploratory movements by pinealectomy in mice.

Hata

Kita

1978

Endocrinol Japon

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“…Unabhängig von seinen hormonellen Eigenschaften wurde Melatonin 1993 als sehr potentes Antioxidans, vergleichbar mit Vitamin E und C identifiziert [16,23,26, 56,81]. Beobachtungen, dass Melatonin in die Regulation von Haarwachstum und -pigmentierung involviert ist, gehen bis in die späten 1960er-Jahre zurück und haben Chronobiologen, Tierwissenschaftler, Tierärzte, Endokrinologen, Dermatologen und Wissenschaftler in der wollproduzierenden Industrie über Jahrzehnte beschäftigt und zu mannigfaltigen Fragestellungen inspiriert [40, 42,48, 51, 55, 59, 68, 69,71].Während die Bedeutung von Melatonin mittlerweile in verschiedenen Organsystemen einschließlich der Haut systematisch untersucht worden ist [7, 9, 10, 20,27,28, 43, 79, 84], ist die Kenntnis der Rolle von Melatonin auf die Biologie des Haares trotz zahlreicher Arbeiten zwar umfangreich (zusammengestellt in [25]), aber in Bezug auf die Physiologie des humanen Haarfollikels wenig schlüssig und nicht vollständig geklärt. Dennoch ist aus dem tierwissenschaftlichen Bereich, v. a. im Hinblick auf die Wollindustrie, hinlänglich bekannt, dass Melatonin die Woll-und Kaschmirproduktion steigern kann, die Entwicklung und Zyklusregulation des Deckfells, des Fellwechsels und der Fellfarbe modulieren kann und in einigen Spezies als potenter neuroendokrinologischer Regulator die saisonalen Tageslicht-periodischen und Reproduktionsphasen-abhängigen Schwankungen des Tierhaares beeinflusst [31, 41, 58, 59].…”

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Einfluss von Melatonin auf die Physiologie des Haares

Fischer

2009

Hautarzt

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Melatonin, the pineal gland hormone and a strong antioxidant, has long been known, particularly in animal-experiment based research and the wool-producing industry, to be a potent regulatory neuroendocrine substance in relation to hair growth, hair color and hair cycle, depending on light periods, seasonal rhythms, environmental factors and reproductive rhythms. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms of this extremely versatile hormone, especially with regard to human hair follicles, are not fully understood. In recent years, however, essential knowledge has been gained on the melatoninergic system of the skin, melatonin levels in keratinocytes and hair follicles, extrapineal intrafollicular melatonin synthesis and noradrenalin-induced increase in synthesis, as well as hair cycle-dependent expression of the membrane-bound melatonin receptor MT2 and the nuclear receptor RORalpha. Functional data on the growth of human hair both in vitro and in vivo show that melatonin might play an essential role in hair physiology.

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Effects of the Pineal Gland Upon the Hair Cycles in Mice

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Evidence for Pineal Gland Modulation of the Neuroendocrine-Thyroid Axis

Evidence for Pineal Gland Modulation of the Neuroendocrine-Thyroid Axis

A newly designed method for removal of the pineal body, and depression of convulsions and enhancement of exploratory movements by pinealectomy in mice.

Einfluss von Melatonin auf die Physiologie des Haares

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