Effects of the standardized ileal digestible valine : lysine ratio on performance, milk composition and plasma indices of lactating sows

Xu, Yetong; Zeng, Zhikai; Xu, Xiao; Tian, Qiyu; Ma, Xiaokang; Long, Shenfei; Piao, Meijing; Cheng, Zhibin; Piao, Xiangshu

doi:10.1111/asj.12753

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Most studies reporting on fetal growth after BCAA supplementation were performed in rats ( n = 7) [ 43 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ], with a few in mice ( n = 1) [ 103 ] and pigs ( n = 2) [ 104 , 105 ]; no human studies were found ( Table A5 ). Leucine was the most investigated BCAA ( n = 9) [ 43 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 105 ], followed by valine ( n = 4) [ 43 , 97 , 98 , 104 ], and isoleucine ( n = 3) [ 43 , 98 , 99 ]. The studies performed by Brunner [ 43 ], Matsueda [ 97 ], and Mori [ 98 ] used all three BCAAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Aberrant fetal growth remains a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with a risk of developing non-communicable diseases later in life. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis combining human and animal studies to assess whether prenatal amino acid (AA) supplementation could be a promising approach to promote healthy fetal growth. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries were searched to identify studies orally supplementing the following AA groups during gestation: (1) arginine family; (2) branched chain (BCAA); (3) methyl donors. Primary outcome was fetal/birth weight. 22 human and 89 animal studies were included in the systematic review. The arginine family, and especially arginine itself, was studied most. Our meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of arginine and (N-Carbamyl) glutamate (NCG), but not aspartic acid and citrulline on fetal/birth weight. However, no effects were reported when isonitrogenous control diet was included. BCAA and methyl donor supplementation did not affect fetal/birth weight. Arginine family supplementation, in particular arginine and NCG, improves fetal growth in complicated pregnancies. BCAA and methyl donor supplementation do not seem to be as promising to target fetal growth. Well controlled research in complicated pregnancies is needed before ruling out AA supplements or preferring arginine above other AAs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…The updated regression indicates that 27 g of digestible lysine intake per day is needed for each 1 kg of litter growth, and sows are expected to mobilise 13 g of lysine per day from body protein reserves. improvement in both criteria was evident with very high levels of valine (113% of SID Lys) for litter growth rate and 88% of SID Lys for minimising backfat loss (Xu et al, 2017). The requirement for valine in lactating sow diets seemed to be independent of total branched-chain amino acid concentrations, indicating that leucine and isoleucine do not spare the requirement of valine for sows in lactation (Moser et al, 2000).…”

Section: Amino Acid and Protein Requirements In Lactationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review: Nutrient requirements of the modern high-producing lactating sow, with an emphasis on amino acid requirements

Tokach

Menegat

Gourley

et al. 2019

Animal

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Sow productivity improvements continue to increase metabolic demands during lactation. During the peripartum period, energy requirements increase by 60%, and amino acid needs increase by 150%. As litter size has increased, research on peripartum sows has focused on increasing birth weight, shortening farrowing duration to reduce stillbirths and improving colostrum composition and yield. Dietary fibre can provide short-chain fatty acids to serve as an energy source for the uterus prior to farrowing; however, fat and glucose appear to be the main energy sources used by the uterus during farrowing. Colostrum immunoglobulin G concentration can be improved by increasing energy and amino acid availability prior to farrowing; however, the influence of nutrient intake on colostrum yield is unequivocal. As sows transition to the lactation period, nutrient requirements increase with milk production demands to support large, fast-growing litters. The adoption of automated feed delivery systems has increased feed supply and intake of lactating sows; however, sows still cannot consume enough feed to meet energy and amino acid requirements during lactation. Thus, sows typically catabolise body fat and protein to meet the needs for milk production. The addition of energy sources to lactation diets increases energy intake and energy output in milk, leading to a reduction in BW loss and an improvement in litter growth rate. The supply of dietary amino acids and CP close to the requirements improves milk protein output and reduces muscle protein mobilisation. The amino acid requirements of lactating sows are variable as a consequence of the dynamic body tissue mobilisation during lactation; however, lysine (Lys) is consistently the first-limiting amino acid. A regression equation using published data on Lys requirement of lactating sows predicted a requirement of 27 g/day of digestible Lys intake for each 1 kg of litter growth, and 13 g/day of Lys mobilisation from body protein reserves. Increases in dietary amino acids reduce protein catabolism, which historically leads to improvements in subsequent reproductive performance. Although the connection between lactation catabolism and subsequent reproduction remains a dogma, recent literature with high-producing sows is not as clear on this response. Many practical aspects of meeting the nutrient requirements of lactating sows have not changed. Sows with large litters should approach farrowing without excess fat reserves (e.g. <18 mm backfat thickness), be fed ad libitum from farrowing to weaning, be housed in a thermoneutral environment and have their skin wetted to remove excess heat when exposed to high temperatures.

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“…The amounts of BCAAs supplemented in HF-HB were double than those in HF-MB diet. The dose of supplemental BCAAs in HF-MB was set according to a previous report that total BCAAs of 2.85% [12], and optimal ratio of valine to lysine was 94% [11]. The ratios of leucine, isoleucine and valine were kept approximately 2:1:1.5 as per NRC (2012) recommendations for lactating multiparous sows.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Valine is the third limiting amino acids for lactating sows after lysine and threonine [10]. An optimized valine to lysine ratio in sow diets minimized sow backfat loss during lactation and maximized piglet growth [11]. During late gestation, supplementing isoleucine and valine in sow diets increased litter weights [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched chain amino acids alter fatty acid profile in colostrum of sows fed a high fat diet

Liu

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background: Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are important substrates for milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland, and are tightly related to lipid metabolism. No study has been performed examining the role of BCAAs with high fat diets on milk fat synthesis. This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary BCAAs on growth performance of piglets, progeny body weight, and milk fat composition in sows fed a high fat diet. Four diets (CON = control diet; HF = high fat diet with 8% soybean oil; HF-MB=HF plus 0.39% BCAAs; HF-HB=HF plus 0.78% BCAAs) were fed to sows from late gestation to weaning. Results: Compared to HF, BCAAs (HF-MB and HF-HB) increased the litter weight (P < 0.05) and overall litter weight gain (P < 0.05) at weaning and increased colostrum fat content by 27.3-35.8% (P < 0.01). Fatty acid profiles between the two doses of BCAAs were similar. Compared with HF, HF-MB tended to decrease the percentage of C18:3n3 (P = 0.063) and increased the percentage of C18:1n9c (P = 0.03). In addition, BCAAs in HF-MB increased the concentration of total fatty acid by 22.1% in colostrum (P = 0.03) but decreased that in serum at parturition by 53.2% (P = 0.027). The fatty acids in colostrum that increased with BCAAs were C15:

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Effects of the standardized ileal digestible valine : lysine ratio on performance, milk composition and plasma indices of lactating sows

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Prenatal Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prenatal Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Review: Nutrient requirements of the modern high-producing lactating sow, with an emphasis on amino acid requirements

Branched chain amino acids alter fatty acid profile in colostrum of sows fed a high fat diet

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