Effects of the Storage of CO2 on Multiaxial Mechanical and Hydraulic Behaviors of Oil-Well Cement

Takla, Issam; Burlion, Nicolas; Shao, Jian‐Fu; Saint-Marc, Jérémie; Garnier, André

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000174

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Empirical observations have shown a nonlinear inverse relationship between cement porosity and compressive/tensile strengths, and carbonation of cement has been found to increase the compressive strength. , However, in three-point bending tests, the attack of CO 2 on cement yielded an ∼93% decrease in strength and an ∼84% decrease in elastic modulus . An interesting complexity overlaying these porosity–mechanical relationships is the development of microfractures near the reaction front due to molar volume expansion during carbonate mineral formation coupled with an alteration zone (i.e., unaltered cement, portlandite depleted, carbonate mineral, and amorphous aluminosilicate zones) displaying differing mechanical properties. , Carbonate crystallization can induce pore overpressurization, causing damage to the matrix in the form of microfractures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO₂ Flooding

Cheshire

Stack

Carey

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mineral reactions during CO sequestration will change the pore-size distribution and pore surface characteristics, complicating permeability and storage security predictions. In this paper, we report a small/wide angle scattering study of wellbore cement that has been exposed to carbon dioxide for three decades. We have constructed detailed contour maps that describe local porosity distributions and the mineralogy of the sample and relate these quantities to the carbon dioxide reaction front on the cement. We find that the initial bimodal distribution of pores in the cement, 1-2 and 10-20 nm, is affected differently during the course of carbonation reactions. Initial dissolution of cement phases occurs in the 10-20 nm pores and leads to the development of new pore spaces that are eventually sealed by CaCO precipitation, leading to a loss of gel and capillary nanopores, smoother pore surfaces, and reduced porosity. This suggests that during extensive carbonation of wellbore cement, the cement becomes less permeable because of carbonate mineral precipitation within the pore space. Additionally, the loss of gel and capillary nanoporosities will reduce the reactivity of cement with CO due to reactive surface area loss. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding not only changes in total porosity but also how the distribution of porosity evolves with reaction that affects permeability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO₂ Flooding

Cheshire

Stack

Carey

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…However, this only results in a single strength value representing the sum of the individual reacted zones. 21,23,34,38 Few studies have focused on determining the mechanical behavior of CO 2 -exposed reaction zones in wellbore cement, 32,33,35,36,39 in part due to the difficulty of measuring the mechanical strength of the separate reaction zones, as well as due to sample heterogeneity on the μm to mm scale. We will compare our brittle strength data to results obtained on reaction zones in additive-free cement, 32,33,36 similar to the cement used in this study, and make inferences for wellbore stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…68 Provided that these processes also take place under in situ stress conditions, both decoupling and shrinkage may lead to the formation of microannuli in the wellbore system. However, not all studies show this decoupling, 34 and given the wide range of observed mechanical behavior and strength changes resulting from To resolve this strength uncertainty, we could perform more chemo-mechanical experiments on reacted cement to obtain a statistically relevant data set. This would require the measurement of hundreds of samples, which is not an easy feat.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28−31 Studies coupling reaction to mechanical behavior are less numerous but suggest that the precipitation of carbonates results in (localized) hardening of cement, 32−37 while strength differences across reacted cement zones could lead to decoupling. 21,22 Such chemo-mechanical studies mainly focused on measuring either the strength of bulk-reacted cement via compression tests 21,23,34,38 or the hardness of the individual reaction zones through micro-and nanoindentation tests. 32,33,35,36,39 Understanding of the strength of individual reaction zones is needed to predict changes in the structural integrity of the cement upon CO 2 exposure, 36 although bulk cement tests do not account for strength changes of the individual zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO₂-Exposed Wellbore Cement

Hangx

Linden

Marcelis

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To predict the behavior of the cement sheath after CO2 injection and the potential for leakage pathways, it is key to understand how the mechanical properties of the cement evolves with CO2 exposure time. We performed scratch-hardness tests on hardened samples of class G cement before and after CO2 exposure. The cement was exposed to CO2-rich fluid for one to six months at 65 °C and 8 MPa Ptotal. Detailed SEM-EDX analyses showed reaction zones similar to those previously reported in the literature: (1) an outer-reacted, porous silica-rich zone; (2) a dense, carbonated zone; and (3) a more porous, Ca-depleted inner zone. The quantitative mechanical data (brittle compressive strength and friction coefficient) obtained for each of the zones suggest that the heterogeneity of reacted cement leads to a wide range of brittle strength values in any of the reaction zones, with only a rough dependence on exposure time. However, the data can be used to guide numerical modeling efforts needed to assess the impact of reaction-induced mechanical failure of wellbore cement by coupling sensitivity analysis and mechanical predictions.

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“…The permeability is obtained by the application of Darcy's law. With the assumption of no physical or chemical interaction supposed between the fluid and solid phase of the studied material, the permeability of the sample has been calculated by using the steady-state method [28][29][30]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Permeability of Quartz Sandstone under Coupled Thermo-Hydromechanical Loading

Jia

et al. 2021

Lithosphere

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This paper focuses on the influence of coupled thermo-hydromechanical processes on the permeability of quartz sandstone. The permeability has been studied under five different confining pressures, three different temperatures, and three fluid pressures. The experimental results exhibit that the permeability of quartz sandstone decreases with the increase of confining pressure while it increases with temperature and fluid pressure. The identification of permeability under fully coupled thermo-hydromechanical conditions is also studied via the realization of four coupled tests. One observes that the temperature plays a more important role on the permeability with respect to the fluid pressure. Moreover, the influence of fluid pressure on the permeability of studied sandstone has been amplified by the temperature. The obtained experimental results allow us to get a good understanding of the permeability of quartz sandstone in petroleum engineering and can help us to guarantee the long-term structural stability.

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Effects of the Storage of CO2 on Multiaxial Mechanical and Hydraulic Behaviors of Oil-Well Cement

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO₂ Flooding

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO₂ Flooding

Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO₂-Exposed Wellbore Cement

Experimental Study on the Permeability of Quartz Sandstone under Coupled Thermo-Hydromechanical Loading

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Effects of the Storage of CO2 on Multiaxial Mechanical and Hydraulic Behaviors of Oil-Well Cement

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO2 Flooding

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO2 Flooding

Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO2-Exposed Wellbore Cement

Experimental Study on the Permeability of Quartz Sandstone under Coupled Thermo-Hydromechanical Loading

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO₂ Flooding

Wellbore Cement Porosity Evolution in Response to Mineral Alteration during CO₂ Flooding

Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO₂-Exposed Wellbore Cement