Effects of the Structure and Operating Parameters on the Performance of an Electric Scooter

Abstract

The research objective is to approach the dynamic and consumed electrical energy of an electric scooter by varying the key input parameters, including rider mass, electric scooter mass, wind speed, wheel radius, and slope grade. A simulation model of an electric scooter was applied in a MATLAB-Simulink environment to investigate the scooter velocity, required power, battery voltage, and propulsion torque of the e-scooter. It was established by employing mathematical equations during the of electric scooters. The study found that the scooter velocity and electricity consumption were optimized by 3.9% and 0.08%, respectively, when the scooter weight decreased from 26 to 10 kg. The scooter velocity, electricity consumption, and required power decreased by 23.2%, 0.55%, and 8.56%, respectively, when the slope grade decreased from 1.15% to 0%. Following a wind speed reduction from 4 to 0 m/s, the consumed electricity and required power were optimized by 0.2% and 5.5%, respectively. The consumed electricity increased by 0.2% and the scooter velocity and required power significantly increased by 36.5% and 34.3% when the wheel radius increased from 0.105 to 0.185 m. Furthermore, the e-scooter could achieve an effective performance with a weight of 10 kg, wheel radius of 0.185 m, wind speed of 0 km/h, slope grade of 0%, and minimal rider weight. The simulation results showed that the scooter’s effective performance range and consumed electrical energy could be optimized by suitably adjusting the key structures and operating parameters. To support this research, a concurrent experiment investigated the dynamic characteristics and electricity consumption of the electric scooter during operation. The experimental and simulated results had the same patterns in similar initial conditions.

A Deep Learning Approach to Optimize the Performance and Power Demand of Electric Scooters under the Effect of Operating and Structure Parameters

“…During ES operation, an electric motor produces propulsion torque to overcome numerous obstacles like friction, slope, and wind resistance. The electric motor dynamics are mathematically modeled by Equations ( 8) and ( 9) [21].…”

“…P f riction = gMC rr cos αv ES (21) Based on the total power consumed (P total ), the power of an electric motor (P m ) to assist the rider while pedaling was chosen. The flowchart in Figure 3 outlines the calculation procedure for calculating the required power (P rq ) of the electric scooter.…”

Comparison of e-scooter tyre performance using rolling resistance trailer

“…Factors such as comfort, puncture resistance, maintenance, rolling resistance, grip and wear rate should be considered when selecting an appropriate tyre for use on an e-scooter. During operation, the total energy requirements are dependent on a number of factors such as the total frontal area, combined mass of the rider and vehicle, wind speed, slope grade, motor and transmission efficiencies and tyre performance (Hieu andLim, 2023, Jansson, 2022). Analysis of the power requirements to overcome the aerodynamic resistance of an e-scooter with a rider have been completed using steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis (Acarer et al, 2021).…”

Simplifying Rogowski Coil Modeling: Simulation and Experimental Verification

“…The number of electric vehicles has rocketed in the last few years thanks to commercial maneuvers and country-based incentives [3,4]. Electric scooters have also become a popular means of private transportation, requiring a power supply for charging [5,6]. On the other hand, monitoring techniques and associated software have been evolving.…”