Effects of the summer holiday season on UV filter and illicit drug concentrations in the Korean wastewater system and aquatic environment

Kim, Ki Yong; Ekpeghere, Kalu I.; Jeong, Haedo; Oh, Jeong‐Eun

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.055

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…EHS was found in slightly higher concentrations at the Atlantic Coast, but was not detected in Hong Kong and Tokyo Bay sediments (Table 2). In Korea, EHS (in addition to EHMC and BP-3) was a main contaminant in different environmental matrices (Ekpeghere et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2017). In the South Yellow Sea, OC and EHS were found in highest concentrations of 4.25 ng/g dw, and 0.95 ng/g dw, respectively.…”

Section: Environmental Concentrations Of Uv Stabilizers In the Bohai And Yellow Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas

Apel

Tang

Ebinghaus

2018

Environmental Pollution

110

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Organic UV stabilizers and UV filters are applied to industrial materials and cosmetics worldwide. In plastics they prevent photo-induced degradation, while in cosmetics they protect human skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. This study reports on the occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the surface sediment of the Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas for the first time. In total, 16 out of 21 analyzed substances were positively detected. Concentrations ranged from sub-ng/g dw to low ng/g dw. The highest concentration of 25 ng/g dw was found for octocrylene (OC) in the Laizhou Bay. In the study area, characteristic composition profiles could be identified. In Korea Bay, the dominating substances were OC and ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS). All other analytes were below their method quantification limit (MQL). Around the Shandong Peninsula, highest concentrations of benzotriazole derivatives were observed in this study with octrizole (UV-329) as the predominant compound, reaching concentrations of 6.09 ng/g dw. The distribution pattern of UV-329 and bumetrizole (UV-326) were related (Pearson correlation coefficient r > 0.98, p « 0.01 around the Shandong Peninsula), indicating an identical input pathway and similar environmental behavior.

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Section: Environmental Concentrations Of Uv Stabilizers In the Bohai And Yellow Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas

Apel

Tang

Ebinghaus

2018

Environmental Pollution

110

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“…The reaction rate constants of BP and HBP are 0.025 and 0.012, respectively. Figure 3 shows that pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was successfully fitted with test results (R 2 (adj) 0.991 and 0.982), according to the kinetic model Equation (1). Pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was also used to describe the UV/H2O2 process, as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Established Rsm Model and Its Validationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Organic UV filters have been extensively used in sunscreens for skin protection. The organic UV filters and their metabolites may flow into rivers or lakes due to the emission through direct discharge (washing) or indirect discharge (sewage plant effluents) [1,2]. Many UV filters have been detected in the aqueous environment, including 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone (2,4-DBP), benzophenone-3 (BP3), 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (UV-T), octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), and octocrylene [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Degradation of Two Benzophenone-Type UV Filters by the UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process

Zhou

et al. 2018

Water

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Environmental problems caused by UV filters, a group of emerging contaminants, have attracted much attention. The removal of two typical UV filters benzophenone (BP) and 4,4 -dihydroxy-benzophenone (HBP) in water was investigated by the UV/H 2 O 2 process. The response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were applied to investigate the effects of the process parameters on the degradation rate constants, including the initial contaminant concentration, H 2 O 2 dose, and UV light intensity. BP is more easily degraded by the UV/H 2 O 2 process. Both processes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results obtained with the built RSM model are in accordance with the experimental results (adjusted coefficients R 2 (adj)= 0.9835 and 0.9778 for BP and HBP, respectively). For both processes, the initial contaminant concentration (exerting a negative effect) were the most important factors controlling the degradation, followed by H 2 O 2 dose and UV intensity (exerting positive effects). A total of 15 BP degradation products and 13 HBP degradation products during the UV/H 2 O 2 process were identified by LC/MS and GC/MS. A series of OH radical irritated reactions, including hydroxylation, carboxylation, and ring cleavage, led to the final degradation of BP and HBP. Degradation pathways of BP and HBP were also proposed. On the whole, this work is a unique contribution to the systematic elucidation of BP and HBP degradation by the UV/H 2 O 2 process.United States, Japan, and Switzerland [5,[8][9][10][11][12]. There are reports that the concentration of BP reached 250 ng/L in wastewater [13]. The potential risks resulting from the occurrence of BP and HBP must not be overlooked.Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a series of processes that can generate hydroxyl radicals to efficiently degrade organic pollutants in contaminated water [4,14,15]. The UV/H 2 O 2 system is a type of AOP, in which hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is added in the presence of UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals [16][17][18]. It is found that the UV/H 2 O 2 process can remove a large range of organic pollutants, including cyanobacterial toxins [19], diclofenac [20], amoxicillin [21], and other emerging contaminants [22][23][24].Benzophenone-type UV filters are usually the hardly biodegradable substances [25]. There are over 20 benzophenone-type UV filters, including HBP, BP, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3 (BP3), benzophenone-4, benzophenone-5, and benzophenone-9. Among them, BP3 is the dominant UV filter and the most-frequently detected in the aquatic environment [26,27]. Many reported works have focused on the occurrence, transformation, and fate of BP3 [28][29][30]. The removal, degradation mechanism, and ecotoxicity of BP3 by different treatment processes were assessed, such as UV/H 2 O 2 [31], ozone [32], fungal [33], chlorination [34,35], and activated persulfate [36,37]. In addition, the removal of other benzophenone-type UV filters, including BP2, BP4, and BP9, were also evaluated by different AOPs [38][39][40][4...

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“…High concentrations of UV chemicals such as BP-3 have mostly been detected during summer seasons, emphasising high direct influxes and increased concentrations of UV chemicals during peak tourism periods (Schaap and Slijkerman 2018). Kim et al (2017) report seasonal concentration increases of up to 4.4 times greater than the pre-holiday period leading up to June and August. The highest recorded concentrations for each compound at each location are reported in Table S1.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proximal wastewater treatment plant handles 70 % of the population's discharges (Tsui et al 2014a). In other areas such as Japan and Korea, concentrations reported are generally lower during winter seasons and indicate seasonal variations in these locations (Sankoda et al 2015;Kim et al 2017).…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the exposure and impact of chemical UV filters on coral reef ecosystems: Review and research gap prioritization

Watkins

Sallach

2021

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Editor's Note This article is part of the special series "Consequences of Sunscreen Product Use on Aquatic Environments." This series documents the current state of knowledge concerning potential impacts of chemicals derived from sunscreen products on freshwater and marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Specific topics discussed include use patterns, environmental loadings, potential exposures, toxicological effects, and future research needs.

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Effects of the summer holiday season on UV filter and illicit drug concentrations in the Korean wastewater system and aquatic environment

Cited by 57 publications

References 50 publications

Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas

Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas

Insight into the Degradation of Two Benzophenone-Type UV Filters by the UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process

Investigating the exposure and impact of chemical UV filters on coral reef ecosystems: Review and research gap prioritization

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