Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students

Haaga, David A. F.; Grosswald, Sarina J.; Gaylord-King, Carolyn; Rainforth, Maxwell; Tanner, Melissa; Travis, Frederick; Nidich, Sanford; Schneider, Robert

doi:10.4061/2011/537101

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A meta‐analysis of 4 randomized, controlled trials of mindfulness training involving a total of 474 patients found that it was more effective than group counseling, with 25% of mindfulness training participants remaining abstinent from smoking for >4 months, compared with 14% of those receiving more‐traditional cessation instruction . One study of Transcendental Meditation in 295 college students found no significant reduction in cigarette smoking at 3‐month follow‐up between those randomized to Transcendental Meditation and those in a wait‐list control group …”

Section: Effects Of Meditation On Smoking and Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

Levine¹,

Lange²,

Bairey‐Merz³

et al. 2017

JAHA

267

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Despite numerous advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Novel and inexpensive interventions that can contribute to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease are of interest. Numerous studies have reported on the benefits of meditation. Meditation instruction and practice is widely accessible and inexpensive and may thus be a potential attractive cost‐effective adjunct to more traditional medical therapies. Accordingly, this American Heart Association scientific statement systematically reviewed the data on the potential benefits of meditation on cardiovascular risk. Neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies demonstrate that meditation can have long‐standing effects on the brain, which provide some biological plausibility for beneficial consequences on the physiological basal state and on cardiovascular risk. Studies of the effects of meditation on cardiovascular risk have included those investigating physiological response to stress, smoking cessation, blood pressure reduction, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, endothelial function, inducible myocardial ischemia, and primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, studies of meditation suggest a possible benefit on cardiovascular risk, although the overall quality and, in some cases, quantity of study data are modest. Given the low costs and low risks of this intervention, meditation may be considered as an adjunct to guideline‐directed cardiovascular risk reduction by those interested in this lifestyle modification, with the understanding that the benefits of such intervention remain to be better established. Further research on meditation and cardiovascular risk is warranted. Such studies, to the degree possible, should utilize randomized study design, be adequately powered to meet the primary study outcome, strive to achieve low drop‐out rates, include long‐term follow‐up, and be performed by those without inherent bias in outcome.

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Section: Effects Of Meditation On Smoking and Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

Levine¹,

Lange²,

Bairey‐Merz³

et al. 2017

JAHA

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Qualitative papers and survey reports were excluded, as well as those applying cross-sectional designs, or presenting observational data (Rogojanski et al, 2011b; Vidrine et al, 2009). We excluded articles in which smoking behavior or a predictor was not a primary inclusion criteria or outcome (Haaga et al, 2011). We considered a broad definition for smoking behavior, did not add study design to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, and did not limit the type or duration of the intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind–body practices: An alternative, drug-free treatment for smoking cessation? A systematic review of the literature

Carim-Todd

Mitchell

Oken

2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Objective The limited success of current smoking cessation therapies encourages research into new treatment strategies. Mind-body practices such as yoga and meditation have the potential to aid smoking cessation and become an alternative drug-free treatment option. The aim of this article is to assess the efficacy of yoga and other meditation-based interventions for smoking cessation, to identify the challenges of clinical trials applying mind-body treatments, and to outline directions for future research on these types of mind-body therapies to assist in smoking cessation. Method A systematic review of the scientific literature. Results Fourteen clinical trials met the inclusion criteria defined for this review. Each article was reviewed thoroughly, and evaluated for quality, design, and methodology. Although primary outcomes differed between studies, the fourteen articles, most with some limitations, reported promising effects supporting further investigation of the use of these practices to improve smoking cessation. Conclusions The literature supports yoga and meditation-based therapies as candidates to assist smoking cessation. However, the small number of studies available and associated methodological problems require more clinical trials with larger sample sizes and carefully monitored interventions to determine rigorously if yoga and meditation are effective treatments.

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“…The current findings indicate that skills use was significantly improved and emotional dysregulation and emotional distress significantly reduced at the end of treatment in participants with a dual diagnosis. Mindfulness meditation skills have been consistently found to reduce substance misuse as a stand-alone treatment [24, 25]. Patients with BPD and SUD often experience increases in impulsivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does an adapted Dialectical Behaviour Therapy skills training programme result in positive outcomes for participants with a dual diagnosis? A mixed methods study

Flynn

Joyce

Spillane

et al. 2019

Addict Sci Clin Pract

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Background Treating severe emotional dysregulation and co-occurring substance misuse is challenging. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive and evidence-based treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). It has been hypothesised that the skills training, which is a facet of the full DBT programme, might be effective for people with severe emotional dysregulation and other co-occurring conditions, but who do not meet the criteria for BPD. However, there is limited research on standalone DBT skills training for people with substance misuse and emotional dysregulation. Methods A mixed methods study employing an explanatory sequential design was conducted where participants with a dual diagnosis (n = 64) were recruited from a community-based public addiction treatment service in Ireland between March 2015 and January 2018. DBT therapists screened potential participants against the study eligibility criteria. Quantitative self-report measures examining emotion regulation, mindfulness, adaptive and maladaptive coping responses including substance misuse, and qualitative feedback from participants were collected. Quantitative data were summarised by their mean and standard deviation and multilevel linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the mean change from baseline to post-intervention and the 6-month follow-up period. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Results Quantitative results indicated reductions in binge drinking and use of Class A, B and C drug use from pre-intervention (T1) to the 6-month follow-up (T3). Additionally, significant improvements were noted for mindfulness practice and DBT skills use from T1 to T3 (p < 0.001). There were also significant reductions in dysfunctional coping and emotional dysregulation from T1 to T3 (p < 0.001). Significant differences were identified from pre to post intervention in reported substance use, p = 0.002. However, there were no significant differences between pre-intervention and 6-month follow up reports of substance use or at post-intervention to 6 month follow up. Qualitative findings indicated three superordinate themes in relation to participants’ experiences of a DBT skills training programme, adapted from standard DBT: (1) new lease of life; (2) need for continued formal aftercare and (3) programme improvements. Participants described reductions in substance misuse, while having increased confidence to use the DBT skills they had learned in the programme to deal with difficult emotions and life stressors. Conclusions This DBT skills training programme, adapted from standard DBT, showed positive results for participants and appears effective in treating people with co-occurring disorders. Qualitative results of this mixed methods study corroborate the quantitative results indicating that the experiences of participants have been positive. The study indicates that a DBT skills p...

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Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

Mind–body practices: An alternative, drug-free treatment for smoking cessation? A systematic review of the literature

Does an adapted Dialectical Behaviour Therapy skills training programme result in positive outcomes for participants with a dual diagnosis? A mixed methods study

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