“…Compared to normal vibrated concrete, self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains a much higher amount/volume of fine particles (≤0.125 mm) needed to achieve mix stability or cohesion. A high percentage of fine particles in SCC is usually achieved by using mineral additives (pozzolanic and non-pozzolanic) such as fly ash, slag, silica fume, limestone, metakaolin, etc., since the use of cement alone as fines results in high production costs [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. While the addition of mineral additives usually results in high quality and dense microstructure, which has a positive effect on mechanical properties and durability, this compact microstructure results in adverse effects in the concrete at elevated temperatures, as permeability is reduced so that moisture cannot escape as easily, and high stresses are generated [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”