Effects of thermal contraction on structure and properties of PET fibers

Prevoršek, D. C.; Tirpak, G. A.; Harget, P. J.; Reimschuessel, A. C.

doi:10.1080/00222347408204559

Cited by 114 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A recent detailed study of molecular deformation processes in PET fibers 31 gives strong support for a series model for the fiber, whereas it is widely accepted that a parallel-series model is more appropriate. [32][33][34][35] The second example relates to structureproperty relationships. An important parameter such as the elastic modulus of PET fiber is stated in the literature to be primarily related to the fraction of taut tie molecules in the interlamellar region, 36 average orientation, 37 amorphous orientation and crystal size, 38 and trans content in the crystalline and amorphous regions.…”

Section: Heat Setting Of Pet Fiber Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat setting

Gupta¹

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As-manufactured polymeric fibers are oriented semi-crystalline structures in which the macromolecules are rarely in their equilibrium state. Further instabilities are imparted when the fibers are converted to yarns and the yarns to fabrics. Heat setting is an important industrial process, since it rids them of their instabilities. This review article first considers aspects that are relevant to the broad area of heat setting, viz., the origin of instability, the durability of set, thermal and dynamic mechanical transitions, thermodynamic basis of setting, shrinkage and shrinkage stress, and characterization of the degree of set. The heat setting of major thermoplastic fibers, viz., polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, and polyethylene has been described in terms of the conditions of heat setting, the structural and morphological changes that occur on heat setting, and the changes in their physical properties. It is shown that heat setting affects such important properties as stress-strain and recovery behavior, dye-uptake, optical properties, and thermal properties. The structural and morphological changes have been described in terms of changes in crystallinity, crystal size and their size distribution, crystal defects, crystal orientation, the nature of the amorphous phase and its orientation, the coupling of the crystalline and amorphous phases, etc. The structural basis of property changes is then discussed.

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Section: Heat Setting Of Pet Fiber Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat setting

Gupta¹

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This morphology suggests a high degree of orientation with enhanced mechanical properties [56] . Study of PET fibers by x-ray scattering, infrared and birefringence [13] showed a microfibrillar structure, with microfibrils loosely held together in fibrillar units at least an order of magnitude larger in size. The microfibrillar structure shown here for PET fibers is similar to the structure shown for nylon stained with tin chloride [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, it is known [9] that larger structures, macrofibrils, are composed of microfibrils and that crystallites, disordered domains and partially extended noncrystalline molecules are present in fibers. Fiber structure and properties for nylon 6 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were further elaborated [10][11][12][13] using both electron microscopy and small angle scattering. A major point of these studies was evidence supporting the strong lateral interactions between the microfibrils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer applications

Sawyer¹,

Grubb²

1996

Polymer Microscopy

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“…In spite of a n insignificant increase in the strength in this case, an almost two-fold rise of the initial modulus can be attained at the pre-rupture draw ratio, which can be of great practical interest (compare lines 1 and 2 in Figure 29). When drawing is carried out at Tdr higher than T,, it is necessary t o use antioxidants and try t o avoid annealing that begins t o manifest itself at 20-30 K below T,, thus leading to significant structural changes for fractions of a second [166]. Thus, the general approach t o the optimization of the drawing technique includes: (i) the choice of suitable molecular characteristics of the polymer to be processed, including its molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and the number of side chains; (ii) the formation of an optimum morphology by varying the conditions of crystallization from melt or solution; (iii) the choice of an optimum temperature-rate regime for each drawing stage.…”

Section: Physical Criteria F O R the Optimization Of The Drawing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%