Effects of thickened beverages fortified with inulin on beverage acceptance, gastrointestinal function, and bone resorption in institutionalized adults

Dahl, Wendy J.; Whiting, Susan J.; Isaac, Teresa M.; Weeks, Shawna J.; Arnold, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.06.025

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Fractional Ca: (Ca 44 , Ca 43 ) ratio; (Ca 46 , Ca 42 ) ratio. Van den Heuvel et al (273) Inulin þ Ca (210 mg Tahiri et al (284) Chicory fructan fiber 8 3 months NS lumbar spine or femoral neck BMD (short term study) NS bone turnover markers Trend to d DPD DB parallel study POM (13) DEXA, IRMA, ELISA Kim et al (288) ScFOS þ ITF -MIX 10 6 weeks " Bone turnover (OC-DPD) R, DB, PC, CO design POM (50) IRMA -ELISA Holloway et al (289) Isoflavones þ prebiotics or Isoflavones þ scFOS Dahl et al (290) ScFOS, short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides; ITF, inulin-type fructans; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; DB, double-blind; PC, placebo control; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DPD, deoxypyridinoline; CO, crossover; PTH, parathyroid hormone; IRMA, immunoradiometric assay; POM, postmenopausal women; ICPMS, inductively coupled plasma MS; OC-DPD, osteocalcin deoxypyridinoline; PP, caseinophosphopetide; b-ALP, bone specific alkaline phosphatase; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CPP, casein phosphopeptide; NTx, N-Telopeptide.…”

Section: Ns True Ca Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits

et al. 2010

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The different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are inhabited by populations of micro-organisms. By far the most important predominant populations are in the colon where a true symbiosis with the host exists that is a key for well-being and health. For such a microbiota, ‘normobiosis’ characterises a composition of the gut ‘ecosystem’ in which micro-organisms with potential health benefits predominate in number over potentially harmful ones, in contrast to ‘dysbiosis’, in which one or a few potentially harmful micro-organisms are dominant, thus creating a disease-prone situation. The present document has been written by a group of both academic and industry experts (in the ILSI Europe Prebiotic Expert Group and Prebiotic Task Force, respectively). It does not aim to propose a new definition of a prebiotic nor to identify which food products are classified as prebiotic but rather to validate and expand the original idea of the prebiotic concept (that can be translated in ‘prebiotic effects’), defined as: ‘The selective stimulation of growth and/or activity(ies) of one or a limited number of microbial genus(era)/species in the gut microbiota that confer(s) health benefits to the host.’ Thanks to the methodological and fundamental research of microbiologists, immense progress has very recently been made in our understanding of the gut microbiota. A large number of human intervention studies have been performed that have demonstrated that dietary consumption of certain food products can result in statistically significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in line with the prebiotic concept. Thus the prebiotic effect is now a well-established scientific fact. The more data are accumulating, the more it will be recognised that such changes in the microbiota's composition, especially increase in bifidobacteria, can be regarded as a marker of intestinal health. The review is divided in chapters that cover the major areas of nutrition research where a prebiotic effect has tentatively been investigated for potential health benefits. The prebiotic effect has been shown to associate with modulation of biomarkers and activity(ies) of the immune system. Confirming the studies in adults, it has been demonstrated that, in infant nutrition, the prebiotic effect includes a significant change of gut microbiota composition, especially an increase of faecal concentrations of bifidobacteria. This concomitantly improves stool quality (pH, SCFA, frequency and consistency), reduces the risk of gastroenteritis and infections, improves general well-being and reduces the incidence of allergic symptoms such as atopic eczema. Changes in the gut microbiota composition are classically considered as one of the many factors involved in the pathogenesis of either inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. The use of particular food products with a prebiotic effect has thus been tested in clinical trials with the objective to improve the clinical activity and well-being of patients with such disorders. Promising beneficial effects have been demonstrated in some preliminary studies, including changes in gut microbiota composition (especially increase in bifidobacteria concentration). Often associated with toxic load and/or miscellaneous risk factors, colon cancer is another pathology for which a possible role of gut microbiota composition has been hypothesised. Numerous experimental studies have reported reduction in incidence of tumours and cancers after feeding specific food products with a prebiotic effect. Some of these studies (including one human trial) have also reported that, in such conditions, gut microbiota composition was modified (especially due to increased concentration of bifidobacteria). Dietary intake of particular food products with a prebiotic effect has been shown, especially in adolescents, but also tentatively in postmenopausal women, to increase Ca absorption as well as bone Ca accretion and bone mineral density. Recent data, both from experimental models and from human studies, support the beneficial effects of particular food products with prebiotic properties on energy homaeostasis, satiety regulation and body weight gain. Together, with data in obese animals and patients, these studies support the hypothesis that gut microbiota composition (especially the number of bifidobacteria) may contribute to modulate metabolic processes associated with syndrome X, especially obesity and diabetes type 2. It is plausible, even though not exclusive, that these effects are linked to the microbiota-induced changes and it is feasible to conclude that their mechanisms fit into the prebiotic effect. However, the role of such changes in these health benefits remains to be definitively proven. As a result of the research activity that followed the publication of the prebiotic concept 15 years ago, it has become clear that products that cause a selective modification in the gut microbiota's composition and/or activity(ies) and thus strengthens normobiosis could either induce beneficial physiological effects in the colon and also in extra-intestinal compartments or contribute towards reducing the risk of dysbiosis and associated intestinal and systemic pathologies.

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Section: Ns True Ca Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits

et al. 2010

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“…After these initial urine collections, a stable Ca isotope, 44 Ca (15 mg), was given orally with a standardised breakfast meal that provided a total of 300 mg Ca. 44 44 Ca and 43 Ca enrichment by measuring isotope ratios ( 44 Ca: 42 Ca and 43 Ca: 42 Ca) via inductively coupled plasma MS (inductively coupled plasma-MS, Finnegan Element2; Thermo Scientific) and total Ca using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS, AAnalyst 300; Perkin-Elmer) as described previously (21) . Ca absorption was calculated using enrichment values to calculate the D excess for 44 Ca and 43 Ca as a ratio of 44 Ca: 43 Ca after accounting for natural abundance and doses given.…”

Section: Fractional Calcium Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial

et al. 2013

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Adolescence is a time for rapid growth that represents an opportunity to influence peak bone mass. Prebiotic agents, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS), increase Ca absorption in animal models and postmenopausal women. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the dose -response relationship of GOS supplementation on Ca absorption during growth and to assess changes in colonic microbiota to better understand the mechanism by which GOS is acting. A total of thirty-one healthy adolescent girls aged 10-13 years consumed smoothie drinks twice daily with 0, 2·5 or 5 g GOS for three 3-week periods in a random order. Fractional Ca absorption was determined from urinary Ca excretion over 48 h at the end of each 3-week period using a dual stable isotope method. Faecal microbiota and bifidobacteria were assessed by PCR -denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. Fractional Ca absorption after the 48 h treatment with control, 5 and 10 g GOS/d was 0·393 (SD 0·092), 0·444 (SD 0·086) and 0·419 (SD 0·099), respectively. Significant improvements in Ca absorption were seen with both low and high doses of GOS compared with the control (P, 0·02), but it was not a dose -response relationship. The increase in absorption was greatest in the urine collected after 24 h, which is consistent with lower gut absorption. Faecal bifidobacteria increased (control 10·89 (SD 13·86), 5 g GOS 22·80 (SD 15·74) and 10 g GOS 11·54 (SD 14·20)) with the GOS treatment (P,0·03). The results suggest that daily consumption of 5 g GOS increases Ca absorption, which may be mediated by the gut microbiota, specifically bifidobacteria.Key words: Prebiotic: Calcium absorption: Bifidobacteria: Galacto-oligosaccharides Prebiotics have become more prevalent in foodstuffs with the growing interest in functional foods and their role in health and disease prevention. Non-digestible oligosaccharides meet the FAO and the WHO definition of a prebiotic (1) as they are thought to influence indigenous bacteria and have beneficial physiological effects, including a role in bone health. Adolescence is an important time period for maximising peak bone mass to prevent the development of osteoporosis later in life. The high bone mineral accrual velocity that occurs during adolescence presents a unique opportunity to influence peak bone mass through modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise. Current Ca consumption is well under the recommended 1300 mg/d for adolescents in the USA (2) . An alternative approach to improving Ca nutrition is to increase Ca bioavailability. A growing body of literature suggests that non-digestible oligosaccharides, including galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), have beneficial effects on Ca metabolism and bone health through increasing Ca absorption (3) .GOS are non-digestible carbohydrates consisting of chains of galactose with a glucose end piece, varying in chain length from two to eight monomers. They are produced by means of enzymatic conversion of lactose, and are being used on a large scale ...

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“…Components of dietary fiber can be divided into two categories: soluble fiber and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber delays gastric emptying, increases absorption of bile salts, and prolongs intestinal transit time (Dahl, Whiting, Isaac, Weeks & Arnold, 2005). In addition, soluble fiber degradation could supply short-chain fatty acids in the colon that stimulate sodium and water absorption, acting like an antidiarrheal agent (Spagpen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Management Of Diarrhea With Nutritional Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom Management of HIV-Related Diarrhea by Using Normal Foods: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Anastasi

Capili

Kim

et al. 2006

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

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The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to determine the efficacy of a dietary intervention to reduce the frequency of bowel movements and improve stool consistency as compared with subjects assigned to a control group. The study enrolled HIV patients with a history of three or more episodes of diarrhea for 3 weeks or more. Seventy-five subjects were enrolled, of which 38 were randomized to the treatment group and 37 to the control group. Six study sessions were scheduled over a 24-week period. At 24 weeks, the stool frequency reduced 28% in the treatment group and 15% in the control group (F = 9.22, p < .001) and stool consistency improved 20% in the treatment group and 8% in the control group (F = 9.98, p < .001). The results showed that the intervention was effective in reducing stool frequency and improving stool consistency in HIV patients with chronic diarrhea for up to 6 months of treatment.

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Effects of thickened beverages fortified with inulin on beverage acceptance, gastrointestinal function, and bone resorption in institutionalized adults

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits

Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits

Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial

Symptom Management of HIV-Related Diarrhea by Using Normal Foods: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

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