Effects of Thickness on the Aging of HDPE Geomembranes

Rowe, R. Kerry; Islam, Mohammad Zahirul; Hsuan, Y. G.

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000207

Cited by 64 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Glass rods, 5 mm in diameter, were used to separate the GMB coupons to ensure that all surfaces of the GMB were exposed to air. In addition, GMB1 was incubated at 85°C, to relate to the degradation of GMB1 at temperatures ≥ 95°C because 85°C is the highest elevated temperature traditionally used in HDPE accelerated ageing studies (Hsuan and Koerner 1998;Rowe et al 2009Rowe et al , 2010aAbdelaal et al 2014b) and specified by GRI-GM13 (GRI 2012) for qualification of OIT depletion in air over 3 months. The samples were incubated well beyond the depletion of antioxidants to investigate the change in physical and mechanical properties at these elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Accelerated Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature range commonly used in accelerating ageing studies for HDPE GMBs is from 55-85°C and in rare cases to 95°C (Hsuan and Koerner 1998;Rowe et al 2009Rowe et al , 2010aAbdelaal and Rowe 2014). Accelerating ageing temperatures usually do not exceed 85°C to avoid the risk of significant polymeric changes to the GMB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerated ageing of high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes (GMBs) in either an immersion test (Müller and Jacob 2003;Gulec et al 2004;Rowe et al 2009Rowe et al , 2010aAbdelaal et al 2014b;Rowe and Ewais 2014) or composite liner configuration (Rowe and Rimal 2008;Rowe et al 2010bRowe et al , 2013Abdelaal et al 2014a) involves the exposure of the GMB to elevated temperatures. Elevated temperatures are used to speed up the ageing process and to obtain degradation rates in appropriate laboratory testing times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE geomembranes in air

Abdelaal

Rowe

Hsuan

et al. 2015

Geosynthetics International

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The effect of elevated temperatures, particularly between 95 and 115°C as encountered in some geoenvironmental applications, on the physical and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes (GMBs) is examined. Four commercially available HDPE GMBs were incubated in air at temperatures ≥ 85°C. Investigation of the thermograms by differential scanning calorimetry showed a significant change in the polymer morphology with an increase of the incubation temperature and duration, especially at 105 and 115°C. The morphological changes due to annealing involve thickening of the lamella crystals of the polymer and a change in the tie molecules joining the lamella crystals. The effect of annealing was most evident in the stress crack resistance of the GMB incubated at 105 and 115°C prior to polymer degradation. In particular, an increase in stress crack resistance due to annealing could mask the effects of polymer degradation at temperatures above 95°C. Changes in morphology did not affect melt index whose changes were largely attributed to polymer degradation.

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Section: Accelerated Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE geomembranes in air

Abdelaal

Rowe

Hsuan

et al. 2015

Geosynthetics International

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“…The tank had an external pump that circulated the leachate inside the tank to allow uniform leachate flow between the sheets. The synthetic leachate was the same as that previously used by Rowe et al (2010aRowe et al ( , 2010b and was selected for this study based on the findings of Rowe et al (2008). The leachate in the bath was regularly changed to prevent the build-up of antioxidant concentrations in the leachate and to accelerate the diffusion of antioxidants from the GMB.…”

Section: Pre-ageing Of Gmb Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time to nominal failure of the HDPE GMB is taken as the sum of the duration of these three stages. Several investigations have experimentally shown this degradation for GMBs immersed in synthetic MSW leachate (e.g., Rowe et al 2009Rowe et al , 2010a. Hsuan and Koerner (1998) defined the time of failure (referred to herein as nominal failure) as the time to when a physical property of interest had dropped to 50% of its initial value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle rupture of an aged HPDE geomembrane at local gravel indentations under simulated field conditions

Abdelaal

Rowe

Brachman

2014

Geosynthetics International

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The susceptibility of a 1.5 mm thick high-density polyethylene geomembrane to brittle rupture from long-term stress cracking in a simulated municipal solid waste landfill liner is examined. The geomembrane was pre-aged in a leachate at 858C to lower the notched constant tensile load stress crack resistance of the geomembrane to about 75 h. The aged geomembrane was then used as part of a composite liner system in geosynthetic liner longevity simulators (GLLSs) with a geosynthetic clay liner and sand foundation layer below the geomembrane and a 560 g/m 2 geotextile protection layer and 50 mm drainage gravel above the geomembrane. The GLLSs allow the simulation of field conditions including elevated temperatures, overburden pressure, leachate circulation, and composite liner exposure conditions. The geomembrane experienced brittle rupture on the side slopes of the local gravel indentations for temperatures between 55 and 858C. The higher the liner temperature, the shorter the time to rupture and the higher the tensile strain at rupture. Arrhenius modelling of the test data gave an activation energy of E a ¼ 112 kJ/mol.

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A study on antioxidant depletion and degradation in polyolefin-based geosynthetics: Sacrificial versus regenerative stabilization

et al. 2015

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Plastic products used in geotechnical engineering, socalled geosynthetics, are often made of polyolefins (polyethylene or polypropylene) and stabilized against oxidative degradation by antioxidants (AO). Three types of AO "packages" are used: (P1) phenols and phosphites/sulfides, (P2) hindered amines (HAS) with a marginal stabilization P1 of the basic resin, and (P3) a combination of packages P1 and P2 with comparable amounts of phenol and HAS. We report about long-lasting oven aging and water immersion tests at 808C of 29 different polyolefin-based products (geomembranes, geonets, and geotextiles). Pronounced differences in the degradation behavior were found depending solely on the type of AO package. In case of P1, the oxidative degradation is prevented by the AO. Autocatalytic oxidation only begins after depletion of AO and may lead to catastrophic failure depending on the environmental conditions. In case of P2, degradation starts right from the beginning. However, it is decelerated and proceeds gradually. In case of P3, the degradation behavior seems to be a superposition of the characteristics obtained for P1 and P2. Plotting the fractional loss of the AO in P1 and P2 as function of the square root of aging time, we identified two regimes of AO depletion. We suggest attributing this observation to the different mechanisms of AO depletion. POLYM. ENG. SCI.,

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Effects of Thickness on the Aging of HDPE Geomembranes

Cited by 64 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE geomembranes in air

Effect of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE geomembranes in air

Brittle rupture of an aged HPDE geomembrane at local gravel indentations under simulated field conditions

A study on antioxidant depletion and degradation in polyolefin-based geosynthetics: Sacrificial versus regenerative stabilization

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