Effects of Thymoquinone on Interleukin-1 and Interferon Gamma Gene Expression and Antibody Titers against Newcastle Disease in Broiler Chickens under Oxidative Stress

Abstract

KeywordsBroiler, interferon gamma, interleukine-1, thymoquinone, tert-butyl hydroperoxide.Submitted: December/2015 Approved: June/2016 ABStRACtAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the dietary inclusion of different levels of thymoquinone (TQ) of broilers subjected to oxidative stress or not on the antibody titers against Newcastle disease and on the gene expression of interleukine-1 and interferon gamma. A total of 320 one-day-old broilers was randomly assigned to eight treatments with four replicates of 10 birds each, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four thymoquinone (TQ) levels (0, 5, 8, or 11 mg/kg body weight) and two levels tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) injection (0 or 0.02 mmol/kg of body weight). Blood samples were collected from two birds per replicate to determine antibody titers against Newcastle disease. At the end of experiment, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, sacrificed and their spleens were collected to evaluate the genes expressioninterleukin-1 and interferon gamma (p<0.05). The dietary inclusion of TQ of broilers subjected or not oxidative stress increased antibody production against Newcastle disease (p<0.05). Both individual and combined dietary inclusion of t-BHP and TQ promote the differentiation and proliferation of spleen cells and the gene expression of interleukin-1 and interferon gamma (p<0.05).

Thymoquinone harbors protection against Concanavalin A‐induced behavior deficit in BALB/c mice model

“…In view of this evidence, we investigated the behavioral effects of thymoquinone, the active substance of Nigella sativa using Con A-induced depressive-like behavior in mice as a model. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of Nigella sativa and its constituents (mainly thymoquinone) have been focus of several studies (Ammar, Gameil, Shawky, & Nader, 2011;Neurauter et al, 2008;Raison et al, 2013;Rastad, Sadeghi, Chamani, & Shawrang, 2016;Sethi, Ahn, & Aggarwal, 2008;Tekeoglu, Dogan, Ediz, Budancamanak, & Demirel, 2007;Umar, Hedaya, Singh, & Ahmed, 2015). However, the therapeutic effect of thymoquinone on inflammation induced depressive-like behavior, remains largely unknown mainly due to the fact that the dynamics of inflammation and depressive-like behavior are still being investigated.…”