Effects of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of China Low Activation Martensitic Steel for Nuclear Fusion Reactors

Zhan, Dongping; Qiu, Guoxing; Li, Changsheng; Qi, Min; Zhang, Huishu

doi:10.1002/srin.201900109

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[ 6,7 ] Ti and Zr elements could also form TiC, (Ti, W) C, (Ti, Ta) C, and V 3 Zr 3 C, which have strengthening effects similar to that of MX with Ta/V, to improve the high‐temperature mechanical properties of steel alloys. [ 8,9 ] Ti and Zr are important alloying elements often used to prepare ODS steel. ODS RAFM alloys are commonly manufactured via powder metallurgy (PM), which involves mechanical alloying, hot powder consolidation (e.g., hot isostatic pressure, hot extrusion, or sparking‐plasma sintering), and heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Effect of Multiscale Second Phases in Reduced Activation Ferrite/Martensitic Steel

Qiu

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Owing to their excellent resistance to irradiation, good creep property, and extraordinary structural and chemical stability in harsh, high-temperature environments, oxide dispersionstrengthened (ODS) reduced activation ferritic martensitic (RAFM) steels are considered prime candidates for advanced structures, including nuclear fusion reactors. [1,2] The excellent properties of ODS RAFM steel can be attributed to the fine grain size of the steel and the dispersed nano strengthening phases, such as Y 2 O 3 , MX (M ¼ Ta, V, X ¼ C, N), and M 23 C 6 (M ¼ Fe, Cr). [3,4] Dispersed Y 2 O 3 particles can not only effectively block dislocation movements but also absorb the vacancies produced by irradiation and the helium generated by transmutation in the nuclear fusion reactor, thereby improving the radiation resistance of the alloy. [5] Y 2 O 3 particles could be refined by the addition of Ti and Zr to the Fe matrix to form Y-Ti-O and Y-Zr-O clusters. [6,7] Ti and Zr elements could also form TiC, (Ti, W) C, (Ti, Ta) C, and V 3 Zr 3 C, which have strengthening effects similar to that of MX with Ta/V, to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of steel alloys. [8,9] Ti and Zr are important alloying elements often used to prepare ODS steel. ODS RAFM alloys are commonly manufactured via powder metallurgy (PM), which involves mechanical alloying, hot powder consolidation (e.g., hot isostatic pressure, hot extrusion, or sparking-plasma sintering), and heat treatment. However, PM presents several inherent defects for the preparation of ODS alloys; for example, the technique could introduce impurities (e.g., O 2 ) to its complex processes, thereby inducing anisotropy in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting alloys. [10] The technology also requires large amounts of energy and, at present, cannot be scaled up to industrial production.A demonstration nuclear fusion reactor requires over 11 000 tons of ODS RAFM steel as its structural material, [11] but PM technology for fabricating large-scale ODS steels has not yet been developed. This shortcoming is a basic defect of ODS RAFM steel production. Research on alternative preparation technologies for ODS steel is ongoing globally.Shi and Han directly added micron Y 2 O 3 powders to molten Fe alloy to prepare ODS steel by vacuum casting, forging, and heat treatment. [12] Analysis of the resulting alloys revealed complicated oxides containing Cr, Ti, Ta, Mn, V, Y, and O, which could prevent dislocations from gliding to improve the yield strength of the steel. Zhan et al. prepared 9Cr-ODS alloys by adding Y and Ti alloys to 9Cr steel through vacuum induction melting (VIM). [13] A large number of Y-Ti-O particles smaller than 0.5 μm were found in the steel, and the density of these particles reached 2.69 Â 10 19 m À3 ; this value is close to the density reported for 9Cr-ODS steel prepared by chemical reduction and mechanical milling (i.e., 5.7-8.1 Â 10 20 m À3 ). Oxygen carrier casting technology has been adopted to prepare ODS RAFM alloys by introducin...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Effect of Multiscale Second Phases in Reduced Activation Ferrite/Martensitic Steel

Qiu

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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“…The microalloying element Ti has been widely applied to improve the properties of steel, especially for the heat-affected zone (HAZ) [1,2]. The addition of elemental Ti can form fine dispersion of TiN or TiC particles that can pin the prior austenite grain boundaries, preventing excessive grain growth because of their stability at high temperatures [3,4]. Maity found that the tensile and yield strength of 0.07 wt.% titanium low-alloy steel increases sharply compared to those of un-inoculated steel, 0.2 wt.% titanium, and 0.4 wt.% titanium steels, because finer Ti(C, N) particles are precipitated [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ti Content on the Behavior of Primary Carbides in H13 Ingots

Huang

Cheng

Zhu

2020

Metals

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The Ti element plays a role in pinning grain boundaries but also has a good binding ability to C and N, forming large primary carbides. Therefore, the effect of Ti content on primary carbides’ behavior in H13 ingots was comprehensively studied. A non-aqueous electrolysis method was used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of primary carbides. We found a great difference between the two-dimensional (2D) and the three-dimensional characteristics of primary carbides. When performing 2D analyses, the density of the primary carbides appeared high, while their size was small. The actual characteristics of primary carbides can be obtained only by 3D observation. The primary carbide showed a typical dendritic structure, whose center consisted of Ti–V-rich carbide wrapped by V-rich carbide. As the Ti content increased, the size of the primary carbide increased from 24.9 μm to 41.3 μm, and the number density increases from 25.6 per/mm2 to 43.9 per/mm2. The Ti4C2S2 phase precipitated first, then changed into Ti–V-rich carbide, and finally further partly transformed into V-rich carbide. The addition of elemental Ti promoted the precipitation and transformation of primary carbides, resulting in an increase of the number density and size.

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Effect of zirconium on inclusions and mechanical properties of China low activation martensitic steel

Qiu

Zhan

Cao³

et al. 2021

J. Iron Steel Res. Int.

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Effects of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of China Low Activation Martensitic Steel for Nuclear Fusion Reactors

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Strengthening Effect of Multiscale Second Phases in Reduced Activation Ferrite/Martensitic Steel

Strengthening Effect of Multiscale Second Phases in Reduced Activation Ferrite/Martensitic Steel

Effect of Ti Content on the Behavior of Primary Carbides in H13 Ingots

Effect of zirconium on inclusions and mechanical properties of China low activation martensitic steel

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