Effects of Ti3C2Tz MXene nanoparticle additive on fluidic properties and tribological performance

Annealing Ti3C2Tz MXenes to Control Surface Chemistry and Friction

“…The low value of COF of OH and APTES-modified ML-Ti 3 C 2 T z can be attributed to the formation of a tribofilm. 17,19,[53][54][55]58,62,63 This formation of MXene tribofilm is consistent with the earlier reports on Ti 3 C 2 T z tribology. 54,58,62 The APTES-modified ML-Ti 3 C 2 T z exhibited better tribological behavior than OH-modified MXene because adding APTES can enhance surface adhesion and improve the load-bearing capacity and durability of tribological systems.…”

“…Also, the nonannealed ML-Ti 3 C 2 T z -coated steel substrate showed deep grooves. The low value of COF of OH and APTES-modified ML-Ti 3 C 2 T z can be attributed to the formation of a tribofilm. ,,− ,,, This formation of MXene tribofilm is consistent with the earlier reports on Ti 3 C 2 T z tribology. ,, The APTES-modified ML-Ti 3 C 2 T z exhibited better tribological behavior than OH-modified MXene because adding APTES can enhance surface adhesion and improve the load-bearing capacity and durability of tribological systems . The amino groups on the APTES-modified ML-Ti 3 C 2 T z can adhere to the metal surface, creating a strong interface .…”

“…Since their discovery by Naguib et al, MXenes have received considerable attention due to their exceptional properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, and mechanical strength. − These outstanding properties are reported to be useful for many applications, including as energy storage, membranes, inks, and electromagnetic shielding. − MXenes have a general formula M n +1 X n T z ( n = 1–4), where M is an early transition metal ( e . g ., Ti, V, Nb, Mo), X can be carbon or/and nitrogen, and T z represents terminal groups such as –OH, O, –F, –Cl, –Br, –I, and –S. ,, MXenes are obtained by the selective etching of the “A” (group 13–16 elements such as Al, Ga, Si) layer from the MAX phase precursor (M n +1 AX n where n = 1–4). − Around 50 types of MXenes have been reported, and more have been computed or synthesized, considering the possible compositions and solid solutions. ,, …”

Tribo-electrical evaluation of conductive fluid film of Ti3C2Tz MXene-containing lubricant

“…22,23 Previous studies showed that adding limited amount of MXene to base oils such as polyalphaolefin (PAO) and silicon oil can reduce the coefficient of friction. 24 Moreover, this incorporation has demonstrated a potential to enhance thermal conductivity while decreasing the viscosity which is attributed to its non-Einstein behavior. 24,25 To exploit the superior features of MXene in tribological applications, the influence of these additives on the overall tribological behavior of lubricants exposed to electrical stimuli is yet to be understood.…”

“…24 Moreover, this incorporation has demonstrated a potential to enhance thermal conductivity while decreasing the viscosity which is attributed to its non-Einstein behavior. 24,25 To exploit the superior features of MXene in tribological applications, the influence of these additives on the overall tribological behavior of lubricants exposed to electrical stimuli is yet to be understood. Bridging the gap between electrical properties and tribological performance is essential to solving current triboelectrical challenges such as Electrically Induced Bearing Damages (EIBD).…”