Effects of tic suppression: Ability to suppress, rebound, negative reinforcement, and habituation to the premonitory urge

Patterned changes in urge ratings with tic suppression in youth with chronic tic disorders

“…Two studies using similar methodologies found no change in average urge ratings between tic-freely and reinforced tic suppression periods, inconsistent with the urge reduction model (Specht et al, 2013;Woods, Walther, Bauer, Kemp, & Conelea, 2009). Subsequent analyses of the Specht et al (2013) data suggested that when tics were allowed, there was a trend toward tic completion being least likely following low-intensity urge ratings and most likely following high-intensity urge ratings (Specht et al, 2014).…”

Sensory phenomena related to tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and global functioning in Tourette syndrome

“…Recently, premonitory urges have been significantly correlated with IQ and tic severity 7 . Although premonitory urge assessment can be influenced by an individual's ability to recognize his/her own A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 6 feelings, and to verbally express these feelings, a close relationship between premonitory urges and TS pathogenesis has been suggested 8 .…”

Perspectives on Training Clinicians to Effectively Implement Evidence-based Treatment for Tourette Syndrome

“…As discussed above, a possible reason for this reduction in the duration of the premonitory urge is that the client is habituating to the urge (Specht et al, 2013). We have heard our clients describe that the "sound" or intensity of the urge decreases over time from the beginning of using the CR to the time where they are able to feel an urge and do nothing about it (not tic or use the CR).…”