Effects of Tiffin Practices on the Health of School Students in Makawanpur District, Nepal

Abstract

The main goals of the study are to explore the existing tiffin practices among school students, and assess the effects of tiffin practices on their health. The study was conducted in 2023, among 100 students of four schools out of 65 community schools in Hetauda sub-metropolitan in Makawanpur district. Second stage cluster sampling method was adopted to select the study area and the students were selected with simple random sampling method from different grades (1-12) of the community schools of Hetauda sub-metropolitan. Semi-structured questionnaire and checklist were used to collect the data and information. Among them 66.00 % school students consumed packed food where only 21.00% of the students consumed homemade food as tiffin. Among the surveyed 64 students, 59.4% of students had faced stomachache, 29.7% students had faced vomiting, 4.7% encountered nausea and 6.3% underwent allergies. Chi-square test was employed to test the null hypothesis. Age, gender and grade were significantly associated with tiffin practices (p≤ .05). There was no significant association between packed food and health hazards (p= .347). Lack of time of the parents, imitation of the peers, taste of junk food, lack of awareness led the consumption of junk or packed food that caused various health hazards on school going children.

The practice of menstrual hygiene management and associated factors among secondary school girls in eastern Ethiopia: The need for water, sanitation, and hygiene support

“…It was observed that 68% of the participants had good practice of menstrual hygiene. Consistent results were reported in the country, central (51.3%), 49 east Shewa (66.8%), 25 northwest (68%) Ethiopia, 53 and Kenya (28.8%). 30 In addition, a very low practice was reported from Uganda, which indicated that only 9.5% practice good menstrual hygiene.…”

“…This could be a risk factor for increased bacterial growth as more than three-fourths of this study participants responded they did not use sunlight for drying. An analogous result was reported from Ethiopia 22,53 and South India 5 which might enable to access MHM material. 39,63…”

“…As knowledge could be a cornerstone for proper practices, around three-fourth (72.6%) of the participants had a good level of knowledge regarding menstruation and its management which was similar to a study conducted in Addis Ababa (70%) 49 and central Ethiopia (72.5%). 50 But, this finding was higher than the result of the studies done in Nepal (40.6%, 42.9%), 51,52 and Kenya (51.6%). 30 This difference might be due to a lack of parents’ engagement in educating their daughters because of the taboo about menstrual hygiene.…”