Effects of tillage on growth, yield and root lodging of six maize hybrids in upland fields converted from paddy fields in Andosol

Abstract

We investigated the effects of tillage on growth, grain yield and root lodging of maize hybrids in upland fields converted from paddy fields in Andosol of northern Tohoku. Six hybrids were grown with rotary tilling or plowing (chisel plowing plus power harrow) in 2016 and 2017. Soil penetration resistance was higher in plowing than in rotary tilling under a soil depth of 5 cm. There were no significant interactions between hybrid and tillage method in plant height, SPAD value, grain yield, and yield components, indicating that growth and grain yield of the six hybrids were unaffected by tillage method. Maize hybrids had similar culm length and ear height, while horizontal pulling resistance was higher in plowing than in rotary tilling. In addition, root lodged plants caused by typhoons were fewer in plowing than in rotary tilling in 2017. There was a negative correlation between horizontal pulling resistance and the number of root lodged plants. The highest horizontal pulling resistance and the least number of root lodged plants were found in a maize hybrid KD641 grown by plowing. The results suggest that root lodging can be alleviated by growing rootlodging-resistant maize hybrids such as KD641 with plowing.

Maize grain yield enhancement in modern hybrids associated with greater stalk lodging resistance in high planting density: A case study in Northeast China

“…The path analysis by SEM model showed kernels amount per ear directly contributed to maize grain yield in the present study, and lodging rate directly affected by SBS and GH had a negative effect on kernels amount per ear and 100-grain weight, made an indirect effect on maize grain yield; the stem lignin content which signi cantly affected DWPU and SBS also directly contribute to the grain yield. These results are consistent with the previous study of Xue et al 28 and Shinoto et al 29 , as well as in agreement with our previous study that SBS and DWPU in maize were markedly enhanced by the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in Northeast China 8 . In Northeast China, maize morphological traits have changed with the improved genotypes over the past few decades, the two typical hybrids were compared in two consecutive years in the present study, and more maize hybrids should be conducted to verify our results in the future.…”

“…The maize lodging resistance ability is a rather complicated phenotype, besides morphological traits of plants, the basal stem chemical composition of cellulose and lignin are also important and contribute signi cantly to lodging resistance 19 . It has been proved that culm cellulose can determine stem strength and increase stem rigidity, while lignin as a vital structural component of the secondary cell walls can provide strength to plants 29 . thus the culm content of cellulose and lignin played a critical role in stalk strength and rigidity of basal stem and therefore in uence stalk lodging resistance.…”

“…Moreover, the correlation analysis between lodging rate and related traits also showed a signi cant negative effect between the SBS and maize stalk lodging rate indicating the SBS after 35 days of silking could act as an important indicator to estimate the stalk lodging resistance in maize breeding or cultivation. It has been well documented that plant SBS is highly associated with the stalk morphology and chemical characteristic of the dry weight per unit length (DWPU), basal internode length, as well as carbohydrate contents in culm 28,29 , the correlation analysis in present study also con rmed that SBS is signi cantly positively related to DWPU (r=0.86, P < 0.01) and stem lignin content (r=0.84, P < 0.01), as well as highly negatively correlated with EH (r=-0.79, 0.01< P <0.05), and GH(r=-0.77, 0.01< P < 0.05), these factors may coordinately play a key role in enhancing the plant stalk lodging resistance and thereby reduce the lodging rate, and contrast to maize grain yield.…”

“…To assess maize stalk bending strength (SBS), a self-made instrument by the combination of a digital force ergometer (YYD-2; The Zhejiang Top Instrument Co. Ltd) and a circle iron tool 29 was conducted at 35 days after silking 28,29 . 5 adjacent plants in each plot were chosen, after removing the leaves and sheaths of each selected plant, the stems were cut at 0.8 m height from the soil surface, then were pulled until it was 30° from vertical (Fig.…”

Soil Water Profiles, and Growth and Yield of Waxy Corn as Affected by Different Tillage in Upland Converted from Paddy Field

“…이나 옥수수 품종 선발을 통하여 습해나 가뭄에 비교적 강 한 품종이나 재배법 (Ji et al, 2011;NICS, 2013) (Kim and Lee, 1994;Lee et al, 1994), 특히 유묘기 장기간 침수상태에 노출될 경 우 피해가 확대된다고 하였다 (Shin et al, 2017). 이러한 밭 전환 논에서도 심경 (Shinoto et al, 2017;Shinoto et al, 2020), 심토파쇄 (Izumi et al, 2009;Seo et al, 2012), 배수개선 (Jung et al, 2016) 등을 통하여 토양경도, 용적밀도, 공극률 등 물리성이 개선되면 근계발달과 양•수분이용효율이 증진되어 (Chaudhary et al, 1985;Lipiec and Stepniewski, 1995), 대부분의 경우 증수효과가 인정되었다 (Hunt et al, 2004;Izumi et al, 2009;Seo et al, 2012).…”