Effects of tillage system and forecrop type on frequency of Fusarium culmorum and F. avenaceum occurrence on culm base of some winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Abstract

In the years 2001 - 2003, there were analyzed relations between the number of <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i>, fungi found on culm base parts of stalks of seven winter wheat cultivars, and preceding crop type as well as the cultivation system. The research was carried out in Poland, on light soil plots of a Lower Silesia-based experimental station subordinate to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The loglinear and correspondence analyses proved varying immunity of particular wheat cultivars to <i>F. culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i> fungi. There were also observed significant differences in <i>Fusarium</i> diseases of wheat as dependent on precipitation and temperature in the growing season. The Kobra cultivar was highly resistant to <i>F. avenaceum</i>. The lowest amounts of <i>F. culmorum</i> fungi were detected in the culm base parts of the Izolda cultivar. The cultivation of corn, as a preceding crop for oats and for spring wheat, did significantly differentiate varieties of fungi in the cultivation systems examined. In the plough cultivation system, wheat was mainly infected by <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, whereas in direct sowing, particular cultivars of wheat were mostly infected by <i>F. avenaceum</i>

Early PCR-based detection of Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae on stem bases of winter wheat throughout Poland

“…Early -1st decade of the month, mid -2nd decade, late -3rd decade. Earlier and later dates of sowing were disregarded due to the low number of samples These results may explain the higher number of detections of F. graminearum observed lately on wheat kernels in Poland, Netherlands and Austria (Stępień et al 2008;Weber and Kita 2010;Mielniczuk et al 2012). F. graminearum is one of the most aggressive species in comparison to other fungi of the genus Fusarium and for this reason, a common prevalence of this species on stem bases of winter wheat in Poland should be taken seriously.…”

Fusarium Head Blight, Mycotoxins and Strategies for Their Reduction

“…and grain contamination with mycotoxins [65,142]. A particularly unfavorable form of crop rotation is cultivation of cereal plants one after another, especially after wheat and maize [17,22,143,144]. Research showed, that DON level in grain was high when wheat was grown after maize [124].…”

“…Root crops and legume plants can be a more favorable forecrop, limiting the occurrence of Fusarium spp. in various cultivation systems [143,145]. There was a reduction in Fusarium head blight and DON content in wheat grown after soybean compared to wheat and maize [124,146].…”

The variability of the occurrence of Fusarium culmorum in winter wheat grain in relation to climatic conditions and cultivation methods

“…Varied responses of G. avenacea, G. zeae and F. culmorum to ploughless tillage systems were observed in Germany and Poland (Guo et al, 2010;Weber, Kita, 2010). These studies indicate that a oneyear break in the cultivation of cereals increases the occurrence of F. culmorum in plough tillage systems, to the point that it becomes greater than when direct sowing is applied.…”

“…The study shows that the increased occurrence of F. culmorum in the case of direct sowing, as opposed to plough tillage, results from the fact that preceding winter wheat crop was applied before the planting of winter wheat cultivars. On the other hand, in the crop rotation pattern winter wheat -preceding winter rape crop -winter wheat, a higher occurrence of F. culmorum is attributable to its preserving effect (Weber, Kita, 2010). However, the study in Lithuania showed no significant influence of tillage system on wheat infection by Fusarium fungi (Supronienė et al, 2012).…”