Effects of titania surface structure on the nucleation and growth of Pt nanoclusters on rutile TiO2(110)

Gan, Shupan; Liang, Yong; Baer, Donald R.; Grant, Ann W.

doi:10.1016/s0039-6028(00)01107-9

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In general, our group has observed that the size distribution for metals grown on TiO 2 becomes narrower as the diffusion length decreases; for example, on a TiO 2 surface that was intentionally made defective by heating to induce partial reconstruction of the surface, the deposition of Cu clusters resulted in a more uniform size distribution than on stoichiometric TiO 2 (110)-(1 × 1). 51,52 The same behavior has been reported for the growth of Pd, 53 Ag, 54 and Pt 55…”

Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO₂: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt

et al. 2013

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The nucleation and growth of Co clusters on vacuum-annealed (reduced) and oxidized TiO 2 (110) have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density function theory (DFT) calculations. On vacuum-annealed TiO 2 (110), the Co clusters grow as three-dimensional islands at coverages between 0.02 and 0.25 ML, but the cluster heights range from ∼3 to 5 Å, indicating that the clusters are less than three layers high. In addition to the small cluster sizes, the high nucleation density of the Co clusters and lack of preferential nucleation at the step edges demonstrate that diffusion is slow for Co atoms on the TiO 2 surface. In contrast, deposition of other metals such as Au, Ni, and Pt on TiO 2 results in larger cluster sizes with a smaller number of nucleation sites and preferential nucleation at step edges. XPS experiments show that Co remains in the metallic state, and there is little reduction of the titania surface by Co. A comparison of the metal−titania binding energies calculated by DFT for Co, Au, Ni, and Pt indicates that stronger metal− titania interactions correspond to lower diffusion rates on the surface, as observed by STM. Furthermore, on oxidized TiO 2 surfaces, the diffusion rates of all of the metals decrease, resulting in smaller cluster sizes and higher cluster densities compared to the growth on reduced TiO 2. DFT calculations confirm that the metal−titania adsorption energies are higher on the oxidized surfaces, and this is consistent with the lower diffusion rates observed experimentally.

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Section: ■ Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO₂: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt

et al. 2013

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“…For example, Negra et al [361] and Schierbaum et al [83,294] reported a 0.5 eV increase in the surface work function after Pd and Pt-adsorption on TiO 2 (110) or (100) surfaces. Because the metal Fermi level is lower than that of TiO 2 , contact between the metals and TiO 2 causes electron transfer from TiO 2 to metals [13,82,231,294,326,361,364] and may lead to the formation of a Schottky diode [83,363,365]. This unique charge transfer process leads to upward bending of TiO 2 bands, formation of positive space charges at TiO 2 surfaces, oxidation of surface Ti, and negatively charged metal clusters.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of nanostructured metal overlayers with oxide surfaces

Wagner

2007

Surface Science Reports

724

651

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“…Thus, the agglomeration leads to the formation of oblate spheroids with the minor axis being equal to the original spheroids. Gan et al 16 performed STM studies of the nucleation and growth of Pt clusters on TiO 2 (110), and observed highly asymmetric size distributions Figure 1. Schematic GISAXS experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Supported Platinum Clusters Studied by in Situ GISAXS

et al. 2004

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Sintering of supported nanocatalysts often leads to the loss of the catalytic activity and selectivity. This paper reports on synchrotron X-ray studies of the thermal stability of supported platinum nanoparticles produced by cluster deposition on the naturally oxidized surface of a silicon wafer (SiO 2 /Si(111)). The temperature region of aggregation was determined by gradually heating the samples up to above 400 °C, and recording two-dimensional in situ X-ray scattering images during the heat treatment. The data analysis reveals an unexpectedly high stability of the supported particles, which preserve their original size up to about 320 °C, at which an abrupt onset of the agglomeration takes place.

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Effects of titania surface structure on the nucleation and growth of Pt nanoclusters on rutile TiO2(110)

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO₂: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt

Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO₂: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt

Interaction of nanostructured metal overlayers with oxide surfaces

Thermal Stability of Supported Platinum Clusters Studied by in Situ GISAXS

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Effects of titania surface structure on the nucleation and growth of Pt nanoclusters on rutile TiO2(110)

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO2: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt

Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO2: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt

Interaction of nanostructured metal overlayers with oxide surfaces

Thermal Stability of Supported Platinum Clusters Studied by in Situ GISAXS

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Product

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Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO₂: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt

Understanding the Nucleation and Growth of Metals on TiO₂: Co Compared to Au, Ni, and Pt