Effects of Toluene Content in Fuel on Aromatic Emissions in the Exhaust

Ninomiya, J. S.; Biggers, B.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1970.10469450

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Due to this air condition, the inversion layer makes the high concentration of pollutants close to the ground because this inhibits the gas diffusion and elevation to the upper atmosphere and trap the contaminants such as combustion products below the inversion layer. [6], and schematic diagram showing the expectable combustion products with the formation mechanism proved by the following literature; 2-methylidene [10,13], toluene to ethenylbenzene (styrene) [13], toluene to ethylbenzene [14], toluene to ethynylbenzene (phenylacetylene) [14], toluene to xylene (dimethylbenzene) [16], toluene to naphthalene, , toluene to benzaldehyde [17].…”

Section: Identification Of Combustion Products In Gas Cloud Generated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the actual chemical accident site was located near the coast, this theory would be much persuasive for assuming IBLs formation. Above all, the downdraft in the air must be an essential factor for highly ground pollution of airborne-contaminants [6], and schematic diagram showing the expectable combustion products with the formation mechanism proved by the following literature; 2-methylidene [10,13], toluene to ethenylbenzene (styrene) [13], toluene to ethylbenzene [14], toluene to ethynylbenzene (phenylacetylene) [14], toluene to xylene (dimethylbenzene) [16], toluene to naphthalene, toluene to benzaldehyde [17].…”

Section: Identification Of Combustion Products In Gas Cloud Generated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure2. Modified image explaining soil pollution by gas cloud under the inversion layer, as suggested by[6], and schematic diagram showing the expectable combustion products with the formation mechanism proved by the following literature; 2-methylidene[10,13], toluene to ethenylbenzene (styrene)[13], toluene to ethylbenzene[14], toluene to ethynylbenzene (phenylacetylene)[14], toluene to xylene (dimethylbenzene)[16], toluene to naphthalene, , toluene to benzaldehyde[17].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Soil Contamination by Gas Cloud Generated from Chemical Fire Using Metabolic Profiling and Associated Bacterial Communities

Ahn

Pandi

et al. 2021

Minerals

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Chemical accidents have frequently occurred in South Korea as a result of the huge amount of chemicals being used in various industries. Even though fire accidents accounted for 71.9% of chemical accidents during 2008–2018 in South Korea, most ecological research and investigation has focused on leakage accidents since most fire or explosion gases are diffused out and disappear into the atmosphere. In this study, the possibility of soil contamination by toluene combustion is proposed. A fire simulation batch test was performed and identified the combustion by-products such as methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, ethynylbenzene, benzaldehyde, 1-phenyl-1-propyne, naphthalene, 2-methylindene using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Naphthyl-2-methyl-succinic acid, a metabolic intermediate of naphthalene metabolism derived from the combustion product of toluene, was also discovered in field soil and the secondary metabolites such as streptomycin 6-phosphate, 3-Nitroacrylate, oxaloacetate using LC–MS. Moreover, Streptomyces scabiei, participating in naphthalene metabolism, was also discovered in filed soil (contaminated soil) using 16s rRNA sequencing. As a result, bacterial stress responses in field soil (contaminated soil) affected by gas cloud were identified by discovering metabolites relating to bacterial self-defense action such as fatty biosynthesis. This study draws a conclusion that soil can be polluted enough to affect bacteria by gas cloud and soil bacteria and can encounter stress for a long term even though toluene and its combustion products had already decomposed in soil.

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Section: Identification Of Combustion Products In Gas Cloud Generated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Combustion Products In Gas Cloud Generated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Soil Contamination by Gas Cloud Generated from Chemical Fire Using Metabolic Profiling and Associated Bacterial Communities

Ahn

Pandi

et al. 2021

Minerals

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“…1972;Fleming, 1.970;Dimitriades et al, 1970;Ninomiya and Biggers, 1970). These studies have revived interest in fuel composition as an antismog measure.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Nevertheless, the relationships between fuel composition and exhaust composition have been emphasized in several recent studies (Morris and Dishart, 1971; Wigg et al, 1972;Fleming, 1970;Dimitriades et al, 1970;Ninomiya and Biggers, 1970). These studies have revived interest in fuel composition as an antismog measure.…”

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confidence: 99%