Effects of Tongue Force Training on Bulbar Motor Function in the Female SOD1-G93A Rat Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Ma, Daifu; Shuler, Jeffrey M.; Kumar, Aniruddha; Stanford, Quincy R.; Tungtur, Sudheer; Nishimune, Hiroshi; Stanford, John A.

doi:10.1177/1545968316666956

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Ceteris paribus is inherent in the design of the study. The SOD1-G93A transgenic rodents are validated models of oral-stage dysphagia for bulbar deficits of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [28, 32]. There are multiple models of Parkinson’s disease, including (6-OHDA)-induced DA depletion [8, 37], surgical lesions [42] and PINK KO genetic models [22, 23].…”

Section: Ceteris Paribus and Understanding Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Dysphagia Studies: What Have We Learnt So Far

et al. 2017

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Research using animal models has contributed significantly to realizing the goal of understanding dysfunction and improving the care of patients who suffer from dysphagia. But why should other researchers and the clinicians who see patients day in and day out care about this work? Results from studies of animal models have the potential to change and grow how we think about dysphagia research and practice in general, well beyond applying specific results to human studies. Animal research provides two key contributions to our understanding of dysphagia. The first is a more complete characterization of the physiology of both normal and pathological swallow than is possible in human subjects. The second is suggesting of specific, physiological, targets for development and testing of treatment interventions to improve dysphagia outcomes.

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Section: Ceteris Paribus and Understanding Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Dysphagia Studies: What Have We Learnt So Far

et al. 2017

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“…This study provides novel evidence in support of tongue exercise as a treatment for dysphagia in MNDs, which currently remains highly controversial in the absence of high rigor investigations (Dworkin and Hartman, 1979;Watts and Vanryckeghem, 2001;Plowman, 2015;Ma et al, 2017). Thus, we will continue utilizing our rat model to optimize tongue exercise dosing parameters and investigate corresponding treatment mechanisms of action for future translation to MND clinical trials.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 77%

“…Data on tongue exercise in MNDs are limited to only a few case studies ( Dworkin and Hartman, 1979 ; Watts and Vanryckeghem, 2001 ) and animal model investigations ( Ma et al, 2017 ) with variable findings, providing insufficient evidence to conclude whether tongue exercise is beneficial or harmful to MND patients ( Plowman, 2015 ; Sheikh and Vissing, 2019 ). However, research outside the MND field has shown that tongue exercise improves upper airway/swallowing deficits caused by stroke ( Robbins et al, 2007 ; Cullins et al, 2019 ), traumatic brain injury ( Steele et al, 2013 ), Parkinson’s disease ( Argolo et al, 2013 ; Ciucci et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2018 ), and biological aging ( Connor et al, 2009 ; Kletzien et al, 2013 ) via putative neuroplastic mechanisms that are not yet well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strength Endurance Exercise Paradigm Mitigates Deficits in Hypoglossal-Tongue Axis Function, Strength, and Structure in a Rodent Model of Hypoglossal Motor Neuron Degeneration

et al. 2022

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The tongue plays a crucial role in the swallowing process, and impairment can lead to dysphagia, particularly in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) resulting in hypoglossal-tongue axis degeneration (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive bulbar palsy). This study utilized our previously established inducible rodent model of dysphagia due to targeted degeneration of the hypoglossal-tongue axis. This model was created by injecting cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) into the genioglossus muscle of the tongue base for retrograde transport to the hypoglossal (XII) nucleus via the hypoglossal nerve, which provides the sole motor control of the tongue. Our goal was to investigate the effect of high-repetition/low-resistance tongue exercise on tongue function, strength, and structure in four groups of male rats: (1) control + sham exercise (n = 13); (2) control + exercise (n = 10); (3) CTB-SAP + sham exercise (n = 13); and (4) CTB-SAP + exercise (n = 12). For each group, a custom spout with adjustable lick force requirement for fluid access was placed in the home cage overnight on days 4 and 6 post-tongue injection. For the two sham exercise groups, the lick force requirement was negligible. For the two exercise groups, the lick force requirement was set to ∼40% greater than the maximum voluntary lick force for individual rats. Following exercise exposure, we evaluated the effect on hypoglossal-tongue axis function (via videofluoroscopy), strength (via force-lickometer), and structure [via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brainstem and tongue in a subset of rats]. Results showed that sham-exercised CTB-SAP rats had significant deficits in lick rate, swallow timing, and lick force. In exercised CTB-SAP rats, lick rate and lick force were preserved; however, swallow timing deficits persisted. MRI revealed corresponding degenerative changes in the hypoglossal-tongue axis that were mitigated by tongue exercise. These collective findings suggest that high-repetition/low-resistance tongue exercise in our model is a safe and effective treatment to prevent/diminish signs of hypoglossal-tongue axis degeneration. The next step is to leverage our rat model to optimize exercise dosing parameters and investigate corresponding treatment mechanisms of action for future translation to MND clinical trials.

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“…11 Likewise, the influence on lingual muscle strength training is a relevant aspect to be investigated, as demonstrated in a study with laboratory rats, which showed that moderate exercise seems to be beneficial for muscles such as the tongue. 12 In addition, dentist can improve oral rehabilitation of a patient by incorporating orofacial myofuctional therapy involving the tongue. 13 Further analysis of the relationship between tongue pressure and neurological problems may contribute to elucidate the mechanisms underlying tongue motor control during swallowing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue strength as a clinical feature of oral health in neurological patients: A Systematic Review.

Plaza¹,

Dornelles-Bilheri²,

Mancopes³

et al. 2021

J Oral Res

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Objective: Current oral health assessment has a compre-hensive view of the relationship between hard and soft tissues of the mouth as seen by orthodontics and prosthodontics in a healthy population. Despite knowing the influence this relationship has on functional outcomes such as swallowing and mastication, motor evaluation of soft tissue such as the tongue is still scarce. This lack of knowledge is even greater in individuals with a neurological condition. In this sense, the measurement of lingual strength has been addressed by some research as a key element accompanying oral rehabilitation in healthy populations. Acknowledging the importance of tongue strength in oral biomechanics, the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) has become a gold standard instrument. The purpose of this article was to search for scientific studies on tongue strength using the IOPI as a research tool in populations with neurological conditions, to know about its inclusion in the clinical practice and comprehensive oral health rehabilitation in this population. Material and Methods: A systematic search in five major databases was carried out based on the PRISMA Protocol. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science and MedCarib databases including articles from 2007 to 2020. To generate the search in each database, three main constructs were developed: (1) "tongue strength IOPI"; (2) "Swallowing Disorders"; (3) "Neurological Diseases". Results: 152 studies were identified, 14 were included in the final review. The PEDro scale showed great heterogeneity in the level of evidence between the studies with only 5 RCTs and only two of them on lingual strength training. Conclusion: The IOPI was used mainly to measure tongue strength and only 36% as a clinical training device, which could contribute to improving oral health. The stroke was the most represented (79%).IIIISU.

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Effects of Tongue Force Training on Bulbar Motor Function in the Female SOD1-G93A Rat Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Animal Models for Dysphagia Studies: What Have We Learnt So Far

Animal Models for Dysphagia Studies: What Have We Learnt So Far

A Strength Endurance Exercise Paradigm Mitigates Deficits in Hypoglossal-Tongue Axis Function, Strength, and Structure in a Rodent Model of Hypoglossal Motor Neuron Degeneration

Tongue strength as a clinical feature of oral health in neurological patients: A Systematic Review.

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