Effects of torrefaction on the physiochemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fiber and kernel shell

Advances in biofuel production from oil palm and palm oil processing wastes: A review

“…Torrefaction in conjunction with gasification or co-firing can improve the process yield from palm oil biomass significantly. Torrefaction is a slow roasting process carried out at 200-300 °C which destroys the fibrous structure of the biomass while enhancing its calorific value (van der Stelt et al, 2011; Sabil et al, 2013). The torrefaction process efficiency is a strong function of chemical composition of the biomass and decomposition temperature.…”

Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

“…Beside the woody residues from the palm trees pressing of the oil produces many residues such as palm kernel shells (PKS), empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm mesocarp fiber (PMF) [27]. Palm oil industry produces approximately 4.6 million tons of dry mass of PKS per annum [27]. Due to its potential as an energy source torrefaction of PKS was a subject of studies.…”

“…Fruit bunches are being pretreated by sterilization under 145°C and 2,7 bar for 90 min, digested at 90 up to 100°C for 30 min and subsequently pressed [28]. Beside the woody residues from the palm trees pressing of the oil produces many residues such as palm kernel shells (PKS), empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm mesocarp fiber (PMF) [27]. Palm oil industry produces approximately 4.6 million tons of dry mass of PKS per annum [27].…”

“…Nearly 60 million tons of palm oil is being produced around the world, with Malaysia and Indonesia being two mayor suppliers [26]. Palm oil fruit bunches are harvested from the trees that are between 10 and 20 years old [27]. Fruit bunches are being pretreated by sterilization under 145°C and 2,7 bar for 90 min, digested at 90 up to 100°C for 30 min and subsequently pressed [28].…”

Estudo do processo de torrefação de resíduos de biomassas para fins energéticos

“…A utilização promissora da biomassa se dá também por diversos segmentos industriais e agroindustriais que precisam ser reaproveitados ou descartados corretamente para agregarem valor a variados processos produtivos (SABIL et al, 2013;ARIAS et al, 2008;KUO, 2010;PROSKURINA et al, 2017;LASEK et al, 2017). Nam et al (2016) realizaram o processo de torrefação de três tipos de resíduos de biomassa, incluindo cachos de frutas, aglomerados de madeira e cascas de arroz, sendo avaliados em escala piloto, observando que esses resíduos apresentam uma quantidade de absorção de água muito grande, o que diminui substancialmente o poder calorífico, sendo necessário o condicionamento dessas biomassas.…”