Effects of total dietary nitrogen and nitrogen form on the development of xylophagous leafhoppers

Brodbeck, Brent V.; Andersen, Peter C.; Mizell, Russell F.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199909)42:1<37::aid-arch5>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Recent studies have identiÞed both physiological and behavioral adaptations that allow these insects to successfully use xylem ßuid (Andersen et al 1989(Andersen et al , 1992Brodbeck et al 1990Brodbeck et al , 1993Brodbeck et al , 1996Brodbeck et al , 1999. Advances in understanding the nutritional ecology and physiology of xylem feeders have not led to methods for mass rearing of insects that feed on this plant ßuid.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Advances in understanding the nutritional ecology and physiology of xylem feeders have not led to methods for mass rearing of insects that feed on this plant ßuid. No artiÞcial diets currently exist for insects that feed on xylem ßuid, and success in consistently rearing xylem-feeding leafhoppers on single host species has been limited (Turner and Pollard 1959 a,b,;Brodbeck et al 1999). Cicadellines recently have received increased research attention because of their ability to vector the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Adult Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) prefer and perform best on xylem ßuids that contain high concentrations of amides (Brodbeck et al 1990, Andersen et al 1992. Young nymphs of this species develop more successfully on xylem ßuid with lower levels of amides and more balanced amino acid proÞles (i.e., higher proportions of essential amino acids; Brodbeck et al 1995Brodbeck et al , 1996Brodbeck et al , 1999. It is relatively easy to rear H. coagulata in cages with multiple hosts (Brodbeck et al 1995) suggesting that polyphagy and host switching during development may be common for H. coagulata in natural heterogeneous environments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative Nutrition and Developmental Biology of Xylem-Feeding Leafhoppers Reared on Four Genotypes of Glycine max

Brodbeck

Andersen

Mizell

et al. 2004

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative Nutrition and Developmental Biology of Xylem-Feeding Leafhoppers Reared on Four Genotypes of Glycine max

Brodbeck

Andersen

Mizell

et al. 2004

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“…Many xylem-feeding insects develop relatively slowly (Brodbeck et al 1999) and have lower fecundity rates compared to other sap-feeders. These life history traits are associated, at least in part, with limited nutrient acquisition due to lower concentrations of nutrients in xylem Xuids (Terra 1990).…”

Section: Variation Related To Plant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sap-feeding insect herbivores on growth and reproduction of woody plants: a meta-analysis of experimental studies

2010

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The majority of generalisations concerning plant responses to herbivory are based on studies of natural or simulated defoliation. However, effects caused by insects feeding on plant sap are likely to differ from the effects of folivory. We assessed the general patterns and sources of variation in the effects of sap feeding on growth, photosynthesis, and reproduction of woody plants through a meta-analysis of 272 effect sizes calculated from 52 papers. Sap-feeders significantly reduced growth (-29%), reproduction (-17%), and photosynthesis (-27%); seedlings suffered more than saplings and mature trees. Deciduous and evergreen woody plants did not differ in their abilities to tolerate damage imposed by sap-feeders. Different plant parts, in particular below- and above-ground organs, responded similarly to damage, indicating that sap-feeders did not change the resource allocation in plants. The strongest effects were caused by mesophyll and phloem feeders, and the weakest by xylem feeders. Generalist sap-feeders reduced plant performance to a greater extent than did specialists. Methodology substantially influenced the outcomes of the primary studies; experiments conducted in greenhouses yielded stronger negative effects than field experiments; shorter (<12 months) experiments showed bigger growth reduction in response to sap feeding than longer experiments; natural levels of herbivory caused weaker effects than infestation of experimental plants by sap-feeders. Studies conducted at higher temperatures yielded stronger detrimental effects of sap-feeders on their hosts. We conclude that sap-feeders impose a more severe overall negative impact on plant performance than do defoliators, mostly due to the lower abilities of woody plants to compensate for sap-feeders' damage in terms of both growth and photosynthesis.

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“…Development of methods to effectively rear infected H. vitripennis to adulthood in a laboratory setting have been difficult because H. vitripennis have different stage-specific nutritional needs that require a variety of host plants [5][6][7][8] . Specific facilities are required to rear live H. vitripennis in the United States; therefore, cell culture is more economical and a viable alternative, as well as increasingly vital for HoCV-01 detection and replication 2,9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Propagation of Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 via Homalodisca vitripennis Cell Culture

Biesbrock

Powell

Hunter

et al. 2014

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The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) is a highly vagile and polyphagous insect found throughout the southwestern United States. These insects are the predominant vectors of Xylella fastidiosa (X. fastidiosa), a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine. Pierce's disease is economically damaging; thus, H. vitripennis have become a target for pathogen management strategies. A dicistrovirus identified as Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 (HoCV-01) has been associated with an increased mortality in H. vitripennis populations. Because a host cell is required for HoCV-01 replication, cell culture provides a uniform environment for targeted replication that is logistically and economically valuable for biopesticide production. In this study, a system for large-scale propagation of H. vitripennis cells via tissue culture was developed, providing a viral replication mechanism. HoCV-01 was extracted from whole body insects and used to inoculate cultured H. vitripennis cells at varying levels. The culture medium was removed every 24 hr for 168 hr, RNA extracted and analyzed with qRT-PCR. Cells were stained with trypan blue and counted to quantify cell survivability using light microscopy. Whole virus particles were extracted up to 96 hr after infection, which was the time point determined to be before total cell culture collapse occurred. Cells were also subjected to fluorescent staining and viewed using confocal microscopy to investigate viral activity on F-actin attachment and nuclei integrity. The conclusion of this study is that H. vitripennis cells are capable of being cultured and used for mass production of HoCV-01 at a suitable level to allow production of a biopesticide. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Effects of total dietary nitrogen and nitrogen form on the development of xylophagous leafhoppers

Cited by 49 publications

References 41 publications

Comparative Nutrition and Developmental Biology of Xylem-Feeding Leafhoppers Reared on Four Genotypes of <I>Glycine max</I>

Comparative Nutrition and Developmental Biology of Xylem-Feeding Leafhoppers Reared on Four Genotypes of <I>Glycine max</I>

Effects of sap-feeding insect herbivores on growth and reproduction of woody plants: a meta-analysis of experimental studies

Propagation of <em>Homalodisca coagulata virus-01</em> via <em>Homalodisca vitripennis</em> Cell Culture

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