Effects of tow-to-tow gaps in composite laminates fabricated via automated fiber placement

Defect Characteristics and Online Detection Techniques During Manufacturing of FRPs Using Automated Fiber Placement: A Review

“…Guin et al [ 38 ] examined the effect of gaps by experimental tests. Although similar to the research in the literature [ 35 ], this paper pays more attention to the application in the aerospace industry.…”

Induced defect layer method to characterize the effect of fiber tow gaps for the laminates manufactured by automated fiber placement technique

“…It might have a different impact on the mechanical performance of the structures for different scenarios of loading conditions. The experimental studies can be categorized by the works performed on tensile, [10][11][12] compressive, [11][12][13][14][15][16] flexural, 17 and impact 18,19 loadings, and also fatigue loading 20 cases of the defective composite laminates.…”

“…However, for the gap size, less than 3.0 mm, a reduction of compressive strength between 5-27% can be expected for the composite plate under compressive loading. 11,[13][14][15]21 It is important to note that the stiffness/strength reduction level is highly dependent on the size and distribution of the gaps in the composite plies. Thereby a considerable variation of the reduction in both tensile and compressive strengths can be found in the literature.…”

“…But, the method implements an elastic homogenization technique that restricts the method to the linear elastic analysis of composite structures with defects. However, failure strength's reduction [11][12][13] and accelerating of damage initiation 17,20 are the primary issues of the existence of the gaps in the structures rather than the local reduction of the elastic properties. Thus, up to the knowledge of the authors, there is still no practical method that can assess the structural integrity of the composite structures in the presence of the automated manufacturing induced-gaps under general loading conditions.…”

Optimization of the laser-assisted tape winding process using an inverse kinematic-optical-thermal model

“…The process temperature, speed, compaction pressure [1][2][3][4][5], fiber path planning [6][7][8][9], and processinduced defects [10][11][12] are the important factors for developing a proper bonding quality at the interface between the tape and substrate to manufacture products with high mechanical performance. In addition, optimal ranges of the tape winding and placement parameters such as tape tension and roller force are necessary to reduce the void content [13,14] and residual stress [15,16] and to increase the tensile strength [13,15], interlaminar shear strength [17,18], peel strength [19,20], and production rate [16,18,19] The nip point temperature serves as an indicator for the process temperature and might vary during the LATW process, possibly resulting in a substantial variation in the consolidation quality.…”