Effects of training two days per week at different intensities on middle-aged men1

Pollock, Michael L.; Broida, Jeffrey; Kendrick, Z. V.; Miller, Henry S.; Janeway, Richard; Linnerud, A. C.

doi:10.1249/00005768-197200440-00021

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…less attention has been paid to the area of preferred exertion in comparison to perceived exertion, but in an early investigation Morgan (1973) had participants complete cycling exercise at various intensities (e.g., 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 W) and then indicate the intensity level they would prefer if exercising for 30 minutes. These results were in max 511 Downloaded by [UQ Library] at 18:14 04 November 2014 agreement with a previous observation by Pollock et al (1972) that individuals tend to regress towards an intermediate exercise intensity. In addition, Farrell, Gates, Maksud, and Morgan (1982) included a self-selected pace condition to examine plasma levels of B-endorphin/6-lipotropin immunoreactivity, mood states, and perceptual responses to treadmill running.…”

Section: Perceived Exertion During Physical Activitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Psychophysics: PerceivedExertion

Koltyn

2005

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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The perceived exertion model developed by Borg has been examined and applied extensively. Research conducted by Morgan and colleagues have been instrumental in expanding the knowledge base in the area of perceived exertion. Results from research conducted by Morgan, for example, have indicated that ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are influenced not only by physiological factors but by psychological factors as welL Furthermore, Morgan and colleagues have shown that personality structure, physiological responses, training status, gender, and environmental conditions interact in a complex fashion to influence perceived exertion, and this is especially true for physical activity performed underwater (e.g., scuba diving). The intent of this review paper is to provide an overview of selected studies highlighting the broad impact of Bill Morgan's research with regards to perceived exertion. The three areas highlighted include research examining perceived exertion during physical activity, perceived exertion while wearing SCBA and SCUBA equipment, and perturbations of effort sense. An especially salient finding from the research involving the perturbation of effort sense is that hypnotic manipulation of perceived exertion can significantly alter patterns of brain activation and cardiovascular responses during constant load exercise.

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Section: Perceived Exertion During Physical Activitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Psychophysics: PerceivedExertion

Koltyn

2005

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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“…The 1.2‐kg weight loss was considered moderate and was comparable to the 1.3‐kg weight reduction found in another 3‐day/week study (12), but less than the 2.5‐kg weight loss in previous 4‐day/week regimens (2, 33, 34, 38). Under 2‐day/week programs, there has been no weight loss with endurance training (33, 34, 38). The total fat index (TFI) showed the same relationship with frequency of training as did body weight, with 6, 13 and 22 mm of skinfold fat reductions found in 2‐day, 3‐day and 4‐day/week programs respectively (12, 33–35, 38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Physiologic Responses of Men 49 to 65 Years of Age to Endurance Training*

Pollock

Dawson

Miller

et al. 1976

J American Geriatrics Society

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A study was made of the effects of training for 30 minutes, three days a week for 20 weeks on certain physiologic measures of sedentary men between 49 and 65 years of age. Twenty-two subjects volunteered for the experimental group, and 8 others for the control group. Exercise sessions were conducted on a quarter-mile track and consisted of continuous bouts of walking and jogging. The average daily energy expenditures progressed from 228 to 365 kilocalories between weeks 4 and 20. For the same period, average exercise heart rates (HRs) progressed from 149 beats/minute (83 per cent maximum HR) to 155 beats/minute (91 per cent maximum HR). The experimental group showed significant increases in maximum oxygen intake (VO2 max) from 2.47 to 2.90 liters/minute (18 per cent) and in maximum pulmonary ventilation (VE max) from 105 to 121 liters/minute (BTPS), and decreases in resting HR, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, skinfold fat, and abdominal girth. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and heart volume remained unchanged. The control subjects showed no significant changes. Regression analysis, with use of age as a covariate, showed a small but significant inverse relationship with changes in VO2 max. It was concluded that men of the 49-65 age group respond favorably to endurance exercise and show a magnitude of change similar to that found in previous investigations of similar design with younger subjects.

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“…An issue with these absolute cutpoints is that they were originally developed assuming an average fitness level of 10 MET, which is not generalizable to all individuals [7]. On the other hand, early exercise training studies established relative thresholds of intensity that produced significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and many health related measures [8-10]. Both have been used for a long period of time with absolute intensity used more so for large population analyses and relative intensity for exercise training studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating relative intensity using individualized accelerometer cutpoints: the importance of fitness level

Ozemek

Cochran

Strath

et al. 2013

BMC Med Res Methodol

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BackgroundAccelerometer cutpoints based on absolute intensity may under or overestimate levels of physical activity due to the lack of consideration for an individual’s current fitness level. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the interindividual variability in accelerometer activity counts measured at relative intensities (40 and 60% heart rate reserve (HRR)) and demonstrate the differences between relative activity counts between low, moderate and high fitness groups.MethodsSeventy-three subjects (38 men, 35 women) with a wide range of cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 27.9 to 58.5 ml · kg-1 · min-1), performed a submaximal exercise test with measures of heart rate (HR) and accelerometer activity counts. Linear regression equations were developed for each subject to determine accelerometer activity counts for moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity corresponding to 40% and 60% of HRR. Interindividual variability of activity counts between subjects at both 40% and 60% of HRR was demonstrated by plotting values using a box and whisker plot. To examine the difference between absolute and relative activity cutpoints, subjects were categorized into 3 fitness groups based on metabolic equivalents (MET) (<10 MET, 10–13 MET, >13 MET).ResultsAt 40 and 60% of HRR, activity counts ranged from 1455–7520, and 3459–10066 counts · min-1, respectively. Activity counts at 40% HRR (3385 ± 850, 4048 ± 1090, and 5037 ± 1019 counts · min-1) and 60% HRR (5159 ± 765, 5995 ± 1131 and 7367 ± 1374 counts · min-1) significantly increased across fitness groups (<10 MET, 10–13 MET, and >13 MET, respectively).ConclusionThis study revealed interindividual variability in activity counts at relative moderate (40% HRR) and vigorous (60% HRR) intensities, while fitness level was shown to have a significant influence on relative activity counts measured at these intensities. Individualizing activity count cutpoints may be more representative of an individual’s PA level relative to their fitness capacity, compared to absolute activity count cutpoints.

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Effects of training two days per week at different intensities on middle-aged men1

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Psychophysics: PerceivedExertion

Psychophysics: PerceivedExertion

Physiologic Responses of Men 49 to 65 Years of Age to Endurance Training*

Estimating relative intensity using individualized accelerometer cutpoints: the importance of fitness level

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