Effects of Training with Eccentric Muscle Contractions on Exercise Performance, Energy Expenditure, and Body Temperature*

Hg, Knuttgen; Er, Nadel; Kb, Pandolf; Jf, Patton

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026054

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…He suggested that when the level ofexertion is below 50% ofmaximum oxygen consumption, as it is in this study (figure 3), the relative contribution of ventilation to RPE is limited, and the contribution of oxygen consumption is proportional to the percentage of maximal oxygen consumption employed to accomplish the takk. Robertson's model is well supported in the literature (Pandolf 1982) for unloaded locomotion and bicycle ergometry. However, when the effects of load carriage, at both speeds, are expressed as an increment above rest levels along the range from rest to maximum (table 3), it is immediately clear that perceptions of exertion do not increase proportionately with oxygen consumption as the load carried increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…One factor could dominate the overall rating, it was felt, if it became accentuated by elevated rate, concentration or value. Recent reviews of work in this field (Mihevic 1981, Pandolf 1982,1983 have indicated strong support for the influence of local factors, and cited increasing evidence that central factors do not play as important a role in the perception of exertion as was originally thought. Robertson's model (1982) suggests that although central factors play a role (and relative oxygen consumption a proportional one) in determining the perception of exertion, local factors such as force and rate of muscular contractions, and joint sensations, dominate the RPE.…”

Section: Inboductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The perception of exertion during load carriage

Goslin

Rorke

1986

Ergonomics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Inboductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perception of exertion during load carriage

Goslin

Rorke

1986

Ergonomics

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“…However, contrasting with studies where very high ambient temperature rapidly raises core temperature above that registered in control conditions (Gonza´lez-Alonso et al 1999), other studies show that higher perceived exertion is not necessarily accompanied by higher core temperature (Galloway and Maughan 1997;Knuttgen et al 1982;Pitsiladis and Maughan 1999), suggesting that factors such as skin temperature may be particularly important in affecting perceived exertion. Skin temperature responds rapidly to changes in environmental temperature and it is likely that skin temperature has an important effect on modulating the role of core temperature in the perception of exertion.…”

Section: Fig 3 Graphs Depict Values Formentioning

confidence: 74%

The effect of passive heating and face cooling on perceived exertion during exercise in the heat

Armada-da-Silva

Woods

Jones

2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Increased body temperature is thought to be an important component of the higher perception of exertion that is a feature of fatigue during exercise in the heat but a causal relationship has yet to be demonstrated. We have investigated the effect of passive heating on the perception of exertion during a standard bout of exercise and also assessed the effect of cooling the head on compensating for the increased body temperature on the feelings of exertion. Ten male subjects performed a 14-min cycling exercise [average power $63% of maximum power output ( _ W max )] at an ambient temperature of 35°C at resting rectal temperature [mean (SD): 37.49 (0.27)°C; control (CON) trial] on one occasion, and after sitting in a sauna to raise rectal temperature [mean (SD): 38.95(0.13)°C; sauna (SAU) trial]. During the exercise, subjects reported their ratings of overall perceived exertion (RPE), perceived exertion of the legs (RPE legs ) and thermal comfort (TC). A blood sample was collected by the end of the exercise for determination of plasma glucose, lactate and prolactin and haematocrit. RPE values were significantly elevated after passive heating [mean (SE): 14.5 (0.7) units in CON and 17.2 (0.5) units in SAU, at the end of exercise; P<0.001] as were the RPE legs (P<0.01), while ratings of TC were similar in CON and SAU trials. Passive heating increased blood glucose (P<0.05) but had no effect on lactate at the end of the exercise. Plasma prolactin was markedly elevated as a result of the sauna exposure [mean (SE): 1598 (152) versus 225 (31) mU l )1 in SAU and CON trials, respectively; P<0.001]. Six of the subjects repeated the two trials but with the face cooled during exercise (trials CON FAN and SAU FAN ) that was achieved by combining face fanning and spraying the face with a mist of cooled water. Face cooling decreased RPE values after sauna to a point that no differences between the two conditions existed. RPE legs scores and heart rate, however, remained higher in SAU FAN compared with CON FAN (P<0.05). We conclude that hyperthermia is a causative element of the increased perception of exertion during submaximal exercise in the heat and that the effect of increased core temperature on the feelings of exertion is modulated by face cooling.

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“…Given the mechanical characteristics of lengthening actions (i.e., mechanical energy is stored as heat in the working muscles), some studies have reported increases in core temperature during eccentric training (0.7 C) as compared to concentric training. 76 Although other studies did not find such physiologic responses, 77 the potential adverse effects of increased temperature on the thermoregulatory system during eccentric work should be considered in patients with altered cardiorespiratory function. 78 Given the importance of maintaining muscle oxidative potential while reducing cardiopulmonary stress in such patients, these aspects should be addressed in future studies.…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Eccentric Exercise in Patients with Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review

Roig

Shadgan

Reid³

2008

Physiotherapy Canada

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Purpose: The capacity of eccentric actions to produce muscle hypertrophy, strength gains, and neural adaptations without stressing the cardiopulmonary system has led to the prescription of eccentric training programmes in patients with low tolerance to exercise, such as elders or those with chronic health conditions. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the evidence regarding the effectiveness and suitability of eccentric training to restore musculoskeletal function in patients with chronic diseases. Summary of Key Points: Relevant articles were identified from nine databases and from the reference lists of key articles. Articles were assessed to determine level of evidence and scientific rigour. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. According to Sackett's levels of evidence, 7 studies were graded at level IIb, 1 study at level IV, and the remaining study at level V. Articles were also graded for scientific rigour according to the PEDro scale. One study was rated as high quality, 4 studies were rated as moderate, and 2 studies were graded as poor quality. Conclusions: Eccentric training may be safely used to restore musculoskeletal function in patients with some specific chronic conditions. However, the heterogeneity of diseases makes it very difficult to extrapolate results and to standardize clinical recommendations for adequate implementation of this type of exercise. More studies are needed to establish the potential advantages of eccentric training in chronic conditions. Key Words: atrophy, chronic disease, eccentric training, muscle dysfunction RÉ SUMÉObjectif: La capacité des actions excentriques de produire l'hypertrophie musculaire, une masse osseuse accrue et des adaptations neurales sans exercer de fatigue sur le systè me cardiopulmonaire a mené à la prescription de programmes d'entraînement excentrique chez les patients ayant une tolé rance faible à l'exercice, comme les aîné s ou ceux qui sont atteints d'é tats de santé chroniques. Cette é tude mé thodique a pour but d'analyser les preuves scientifiques concernant l'efficacité et la pertinence de l'entraînement excentrique dans le ré tablissement de la fonction musculosquelettique chez les patients atteints de maladies chroniques. Re´sume´des points cle´s: Des articles pertinents ont é té identifié s à partir de 11 bases de donné es et listes de ré fé rence d'articles clé s. Les articles ont é té é valué s afin de dé terminer le niveau de preuves scientifiques et la rigueur scientifique. Neuf é tudes ont satisfait aux critè res d'inclusion. Selon les niveaux de preuve de Sackett, sept é tudes ont é té classé es au niveau IIb, une é tude au niveau IV et la derniè re é tude au niveau V. Des articles ont aussi é té classé s pour leur rigueur scientifique selon l'é chelle PEDro. Une é tude a é té classé e comme é tant de haute qualité , quatre é tudes comme é tant de qualité moyenne et deux é tudes ont é té classé es comme é tant de qualité mé diocre. Conclusions: L'entraînement excentrique peut ê tre utilisé en toute sé curi...

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Effects of Training with Eccentric Muscle Contractions on Exercise Performance, Energy Expenditure, and Body Temperature*

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

The perception of exertion during load carriage

The perception of exertion during load carriage

The effect of passive heating and face cooling on perceived exertion during exercise in the heat

Eccentric Exercise in Patients with Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review

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