“…This allows researchers to promote or inhibit local neuronal activation, to effectively simulate cortical lesions and modulate brain activity painlessly (Nitsche and Paulus, 2000 , 2001 ; Woods et al, 2016 ; Fertonani and Miniussi, 2017 ). The sheer increase in publications observed in the last decade makes it clear that NIBS techniques have been established as valuable tools to study language (Flöel et al, 2008 ; Nitsche et al, 2008 ; Fiori et al, 2011 ; Jacobson et al, 2012 ; Monti et al, 2013 ; Rufener et al, 2017 , 2019 ; Zoefel and Davis, 2017 ; Balboa-Bandeira et al, 2021 ; Sun et al, 2022b ) and language disorders such as aphasia (Torres et al, 2013 ; Turkeltaub, 2015 ; Meinzer et al, 2016 ) and stuttering (Thiel et al, 2006 ; Chesters et al, 2018 ; Busan et al, 2019 ; Karsan et al, 2022 ).…”