“…Surgical programs, in particular, have been at the forefront of this effort, often instituting simulation training to recreate opportunities for both practice and assessment [1,2,5,9,10,19,22,27,29,34]. With respect to noninvasive cardiology training, there is a single report of assessing trainees with a computerized written examination and there are a few reports outlining testing of skills, predominantly for those learning to perform transesophageal echocardiograms [6,14,17,26]. While simulation can be incorporated into competency assessment for pediatric cardiology trainees, at present it can only have a limited role as the tools to evaluate significant congenital heart disease in a simulated environment do not currently exist.…”