Effects of treated sewage irrigation on paddy rice culture and its soil

Yoon, Chun Gyeong; Kwun, Soon-Kuk; Ham, Jong Hyun

doi:10.1002/ird.27

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The high salinity of soils in the Musi WIA is consistent with other studies, which document accumulation of salinity in soils irrigated with either treated or untreated wastewater (Masto et al, 2008; Mohammad Rusan et al, 2007; Siebe, 1998; Yoon and Ham, 2001). In our regional survey of the Musi WIA, spatial variation in soil properties and uncertainties in irrigation history complicated the attribution of differences in soil properties to wastewater irrigation alone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Th e high salinity of soils in the Musi WIA is consistent with other studies, which document accumulation of salinity in soils irrigated with either treated or untreated wastewater (Masto et al, 2008;Mohammad Rusan et al, 2007;Siebe, 1998;Yoon (sites 1, 2, and 4); "+" indicates soil from sites in the WIA irrigated by groundwater (site 3) or soil from sites in the WIA more than 15 km downstream (sites 5, 6). "G" indicates soil irrigated by groundwater outside of the WIA, and "R" indicates the average of unirrigated soils at sites R1 and R2.…”

Section: Soil Salinity and Cation Compositionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Soil Salinity and Exchangeable Cations in a Wastewater Irrigated Area, India

Biggs

Jiang

2009

J of Env Quality

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The salinity and cation composition of water and soil were documented in a large (98 km(2)) wastewater-irrigated area (WIA) downstream of Hyderabad, India. The wastewater, which flows in a river that passes through the city, had a high to very high salinity hazard (EC = 1.1-3.0 dS m(-1)) that increased with distance from the city. The EC of soil irrigated by wastewater sampled within 8 km of the city was 6.2 to 8.4 times the EC of soil irrigated by uncontaminated groundwater. Between 57 to 100% of soil samples in the upper 10 cm within 8 km of the city exceeded the salinity tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Soil salinity fell rapidly after 8 km downstream and changed most in the upper 0 to 5 cm of the soil, indicating retention of cations in the upper soil horizon. The effect of wastewater irrigation on soil exchangeable cations was most evident for Na(+) (Exch-Na) near the city (<8 km downstream), where Exch-Na averaged 20 to 22 times the Exch-Na in soils irrigated by groundwater outside the WIA. Exchangeable Mg(+) and K(+) correlated with clay percentage, though both still had higher concentrations near the city controlling for clay content. Near the city, where salinity and Exch-Na concentrations were highest, farmers had replaced rice with para grass [Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.)], which has higher salinity tolerance and expanding demand as a fodder crop. Salinity may constrain rice production in wastewater-irrigated areas of India and elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Th e high salinity of soils in the Musi WIA is consistent with other studies, which document accumulation of salinity in soils irrigated with either treated or untreated wastewater (Masto et al, 2008;Mohammad Rusan et al, 2007;Siebe, 1998;Yoon (sites 1, 2, and 4); "+" indicates soil from sites in the WIA irrigated by groundwater (site 3) or soil from sites in the WIA more than 15 km downstream (sites 5, 6). "G" indicates soil irrigated by groundwater outside of the WIA, and "R" indicates the average of unirrigated soils at sites R1 and R2.…”

Section: Soil Salinity and Cation Compositionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Soil Salinity and Exchangeable Cations in a Wastewater Irrigated Area, India

Biggs

Jiang

2009

J of Env Quality

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“…6), nutrient loss by surface drainage was substantial, at about 10% for T-N and 7% for T-P. Nutrient loss by deep percolation was negligible. Nutrient outputs measured in this study were compared with the results from other studies in Japan (Udo et al 2000) and Korea (Yoon et al 2001) in Fig. 7.…”

Section: Nutrient Balancementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Korea is a densely populated country with about 47 million people in about 100,000 km 2 and has an average annual precipitation of 1,274 mm (Yoon et al 2001). The Korean environment suffered seriously during rapid industrialization up to the late 1980s, but it has been improving since then due to ongoing restoration efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass balance analysis in Korean paddy rice culture

Yoon

Ham

Jeon

2003

Paddy and Water Environment

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A field experimental study was performed during the growing season of 2001 to evaluate water and nutrient balances in paddy rice culture. Three plots of standard fertilization (SF), excessive fertilization (EF, 150% of SF), and reduced fertilization (RF, 70% of SF) were used and the size of treatment plot was 3,000 m 2 , respectively. The hydrologic and water quality was field monitored throughout the crop stages. The water balance analyses indicated that approximately half (47-54%) of the total outflow was lost through surface drainage, with the remainder consumed by evapotranspiration. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant effect of fertilization rates on nutrient outflow through the surface drainage or rice yield. Reducing fertilization of rice paddy may not work well to mitigate the non-point source nutrient loading in the range of normal farming practices. Instead, the reduction in surface drainage could be important to controlling the loading. Suggestive measures that may be applicable to reduce surface drainage and nutrient losses include water-saving irrigation by reducing ponded water depth, raising the weir height in diked rice fields, and minimizing forced surface drainage as recommended by other researchers. The suggested practices can cause some deviations from conventional farming practices, and further investigations are recommended.

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“…[10][11][12] Chung et al [13] modified the GLEAMS model to estimate nutrient loading to surface waters from paddy fields. Ha et al [14] studied the impacts of agrochemical fertilizer on the aquatic environmental of paddy fields in Vietnam, Yoon et al [15] reported the nutrient losses from a paddy filed, and Yoon et al [16] evaluated the impacts of reclaimed water reuse for irrigation on paddy rice culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Development for Nutrient Loading Estimates from Paddy Rice Fields in Korea

Jeon

Yoon

Ham

et al. 2004

J Environ Sci Health B Pest Food Contam Agricul Wastes

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A field experiment was performed to evaluate water and nutrient balances in paddy rice culture operations during 2001-2002. The water balance analysis indicated that about half (50-60%) of the total outflow was lost by surface drainage, with the remainder occurring by evapotranspiration (490-530 mm). The surface drainage from paddy fields was mainly caused by rainfall and forced-drainage, and in particular, the runoff during early rice culture periods depends more on the forced-drainage due to fertilization practices. Most of the total phosphorus (T-P) inflow was supplied by fertilization at transplanting, while the total nitrogen (T-N) inflow was supplied by the three fertilizations, precipitation. and from the upper paddy field, which comprised 13-33% of the total inflow. Although most of the nutrient outflow was attributed to plant uptake. nutrient loss by surface drainage was substantial, comprising 20% for T-N and 10% for T-P. Water and nutrient balances indicate that reduction of surface drainage from paddy rice fields is imperative for nonpoint source pollution control. The simplified computer model, PADDIMOD, was developed to simulate water and nutrient (T-N and T-P) behavior in the paddy rice field. The model predicts daily ponded water depth, surface drainage, and nutrient concentrations. It was formulated with a few equations and simplified assumptions, but its application and a model fitness test indicated that the simulation results reasonably matched the observed data. It is a simple and convenient planning model that could be used to evaluate BMPs of paddy rice fields alone or in combination with other complex watershed models. Application of the PADDIMOD to other paddy rice fields with different agricultural environments might require further calibration and validation.

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Effects of treated sewage irrigation on paddy rice culture and its soil

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Soil Salinity and Exchangeable Cations in a Wastewater Irrigated Area, India

Soil Salinity and Exchangeable Cations in a Wastewater Irrigated Area, India

Mass balance analysis in Korean paddy rice culture

Model Development for Nutrient Loading Estimates from Paddy Rice Fields in Korea

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