Effects of triamcinolone acetonide on microglial morphology and quantitative expression of MHC‐II in exudative age‐related macular degeneration

Abstract

Animal models, in vitro assays and pilot clinical studies suggest that intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may be useful in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The present case study reports the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection on a subretinal neovascular lesion, microglial morphology and quantitative expression of MHC-II antigens. Triamcinolone acetonide significantly decreased MHC-II expression consistent with immunocytochemical observations which revealed condensed microglial morphology. The modulation of subretinal oedema and microglial morphology correlates with in vitro observations suggesting that downregulation of inflammatory markers and endothelial cell permeability are significant features of the mode of action of triamcinolone acetonide.

Exudative age-related macular degeneration treated by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. A prospective comparative nonrandomized study

“…These clinical studies were supported by experimental studies on the effect of intravitreal cortisone on experimental subretinal neovascularization and other types of intraocular proliferation of blood vessel. [34][35][36][37]39,[42][43][44] Another recent investigation including 71 eyes with exudative agerelated macular degeneration demonstrated a significant increase in visual acuity after an intravitreal injection of 25 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. 48 The improvement in visual acuity was significant at 1 month (P ¼ 0.04) and 2 months (P ¼ 0.04) after the injection.…”

“…Consequently, other treatment modalities have been investigated, one of which is the intravitreal application of triamcinolone acetonide with its anti-oedematous and antiangiogenic effect, demonstrated in experimental investigations and clinical studies. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Penfold et al 38 started to inject triamcinolone acetonide intravitreally in an effort to treat exudative age-related macular degeneration medically. 40 In 1998, Challa et al 40 evaluated the safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone after a follow-up of 18 months in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration considered unsuitable for laser photocoagulation.…”

Branch retinal vein occlusion treated by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide

“…[37][38][39][40] Systemic and local side effects reported so far include cataract, secondary ocular hypertension, leading in some patients to secondary chronic open-angle glaucoma, [41][42][43] and postinjection infectious endophthalmitis. [44][45][46] Due to its antioedematous and antiangiogenic effects as shown in experimental investigations and clinical studies, [47][48][49][50][51] intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide has additionally been used in previous pilot studies on central retinal vein occlusions. It was the purpose of the present study to evaluate whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may be therapeutically useful to increase visual acuity in patients with long-standing cystoid macular oedema due to branch retinal vein occlusion.…”

Tratamento da forma neovascular de degeneração macular relacionada à idade com drogas antiangiogênicas

“…Em um modelo de neovascularização de retinopatia da prematuridade em camundongos, a injeção intravítrea de AT gerou uma significante redução na neovascularização retiniana (67) . Concluiu-se recentemente que a AT também altere a expressão de moléculas de adesão inflamatória e a permeabilidade de células endoteliais coroideanas (68) . O mecanismo angiostático de AT na regressão da MNSR pode estar relacionado a um efeito direto pela atenuação na migração e ativação de células inflamatórias que contribuem na liberação de citocinas na MNSR.…”