Effects of Trigonelline, an Alkaloid Present in Coffee, on Diabetes-Induced Disorders in the Rat Skeletal System

Abstract

Diabetes increases bone fracture risk. Trigonelline, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of trigonelline on experimental diabetes-induced disorders in the rat skeletal system. Effects of trigonelline (50 mg/kg p.o. daily for four weeks) were investigated in three-month-old female Wistar rats, which, two weeks before the start of trigonelline administration, received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.) or streptozotocin after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg i.p.). Serum bone turnover markers, bone mineralization, and mechanical properties were studied. Streptozotocin induced diabetes, with significant worsening of bone mineralization and bone mechanical properties. Streptozotocin after nicotinamide induced slight glycemia increases in first days of experiment only, however worsening of cancellous bone mechanical properties and decreased vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) were demonstrated. Trigonelline decreased bone mineralization and tended to worsen bone mechanical properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In nicotinamide/streptozotocin-treated rats, trigonelline significantly increased BMD and tended to improve cancellous bone strength. Trigonelline differentially affected the skeletal system of rats with streptozotocin-induced metabolic disorders, intensifying the osteoporotic changes in streptozotocin-treated rats and favorably affecting bones in the non-hyperglycemic (nicotinamide/streptozotocin-treated) rats. The results indicate that, in certain conditions, trigonelline may damage bone.

Caffeine at a Moderate Dose Did Not Affect the Skeletal System of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

“…The serum level of fructosamine after six weeks was significantly increased in relation to the control rats ( Table 1 ). The body mass of the diabetic rats was lower than in the control healthy rats ( Figure 1 ), and the following osteoporotic changes developed in the skeletal system, as previously reported [ 43 ]: decreased bone mass and mineralization ( Figure 2 , Table 2 ), as well as decreased bone strength ( Table 3 ). The serum biochemical marker of bone formation (osteocalcin) was decreased and the marker of bone resorption (RatLaps) increased ( Table 1 ) in comparison with the healthy controls.…”

“…The control rats (groups I, II and IV) received the vehicle (tap water) at the same volume of 2 mL/kg p.o. This study shared controls with our previous report [ 43 ]. The four-week period of caffeine administration was long enough to demonstrate effects of caffeine and other plant compounds on the skeletal system in rats [ 25 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Erythropoietin and mTOR: A “One-Two Punch” for Aging-Related Disorders Accompanied by Enhanced Life Expectancy

“…Disorders such as DM affect all systems of the body (10, 11, 53–60). For example, DM can negatively impact the immune system, musculoskeletal function, hepatic metabolism, and renal clearance (50, 53, 55, 59, 61–64).…”

“…For example, DM can negatively impact the immune system, musculoskeletal function, hepatic metabolism, and renal clearance (50, 53, 55, 59, 61–64). In the cardiovascular system, DM can lead to impaired angiogenesis, platelet dysfunction, atherosclerosis, endothelial progenitor cell injury, cardiac impairment, and loss of vascular cells (8, 14, 27, 62, 65–68).…”

Anti-diabetic activity and mineral elements evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina leaves obtained from Malaysia

“…In another study on the effect of V. amygdalina leaves extracts on blood glucose of diabetic rats, the results showed that decrease in blood glucose after administration of the extracts may be associated with the presence vitamins, phytochemicals, and other nutrients in the extracts [27,28]. Thus, the presence of trigonelline and caffeoylquinic acid derivative might be attributed to the anti-diabetic activity of the extracts [29,30].…”