Effects of trimester-specific and total gestational weight gain on children’s anthropometrics

Bayer, Otmar; Ensenauer, Regina; Nehring, Ina; Kries, Rüdiger von

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-351

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We are adding to the literature by using refined phenotyping to assess child body composition including gold‐standard DXA, as well as showing that the association between first trimester GWG and childhood adiposity is stronger in children born to women who have obesity before entering pregnancy. We also demonstrated for the first time that faster second trimester GWG is associated with greater lean mass, particularly in women with normal weight, which might explain some prior reports of an association between mid‐pregnancy GWG and childhood BMI , a measure that reflects both lean and fat mass.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Greater early and mid‐pregnancy gestational weight gains are associated with excess adiposity in mid‐childhood

Hivert

Rifas‐Shiman

Gillman

et al. 2016

Obesity

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Objective It is unclear how specific periods of gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy relate to childhood adiposity. We aimed to assess the differential impact of GWG timing on childhood body composition. Methods In 979 mother-child pairs from the pre-birth Project Viva cohort, we calculated trimester-specific GWG using clinically recorded weights. Outcomes included body mass index (BMI) z-score, dual X-ray absorptiometry fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2) and fat free mass index (FFMI, kg/m2) in mid-childhood. We used linear regression models to assess associations of each trimester’s GWG (per 0.2 kg/week) with childhood outcomes, adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, and GWG in prior trimester(s). Results Mean (SD) 1st trimester GWG was 0.22(0.22)kg/week, 2nd trimester 0.49(0.18)kg/week, and 3rd trimester 0.47(0.20)kg/week. Faster 1st trimester GWG was associated with higher BMI z-score (0.06 units [95% CI:0.01, 0.12] per 0.2kg/week) and with higher adiposity according to all indices; associations were strongest in women with pre-pregnancy BMI>30kg/m2. Faster 2nd trimester GWG was associated with higher BMI z-score (0.11[0.04, 0.18]), fat mass (FMI=0.16[0.02, 0.31] kg/m2) and also lean mass (FFMI=0.11[0.01, 0.22] kg/m2). 3rd trimester GWG was not associated with childhood adiposity. Conclusion These results reinforce the importance of addressing appropriate GWG in early pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Greater early and mid‐pregnancy gestational weight gains are associated with excess adiposity in mid‐childhood

Hivert

Rifas‐Shiman

Gillman

et al. 2016

Obesity

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“…Our results contribute evidence on the effects of low GWG on birthweight among women who were underweight or normal weight before pregnancy. As previous studies 11,12,33,35,36 and other life course studies have also shown an association between GWG in the earlier gestation period and infant anthropometrics, [13][14][15][16][17] our findings emphasize that fetal development is especially susceptible to low GWG in the second trimester.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Recent analyses of the trimester-specific effects of GWG have employed successive weight measurements. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In order to improve perinatal management and facilitate healthy fetal development, it is necessary to identify the critical periods that can influence birth outcomes and to quantify those effects. The analysis of successive GWG measurements can provide insight into this important topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the trimester-specific effects of low gestational weight gain on birthweight: the BOSHI study

Oba

Murakami

Satoh

et al. 2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Low gestational weight gain (GWG) is a known risk factor of low birthweight. Although studies have previously examined the associations between GWG and birthweight, the period-specific effects of low GWG in each trimester remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify the trimester-specific direct effects of low GWG in Japanese women on birthweight. Using perinatal data from a cohort study, we analyzed pregnant women delivered at an obstetrics/gynecology hospital between October 2006 and May 2010. We focused on women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2. The exposure was low GWG. The gestation period was subdivided into trimesters, and the direct effects of low trimester-specific GWG on birthweight were estimated using marginal structural models. These models were guided by a direct acyclic graph that incorporated potential confounders, including pre-pregnancy BMI, age, smoking during pregnancy, height, and parity. We analyzed 563 women and their families. The mean cumulative GWG by the end of the first, second, and third trimesters was 0.9, 6.2, and 10.7 kg, respectively. Approximately 14.0% of the women gained total weight below the range recommended by Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The direct effects of low GWG on birthweight were 65.9 g (95% confidence interval: 11.4, 120.5), −195.4 g (−263.4, −127.4), and −188.8 g (−292.0, −85.5) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Insufficient weight gain in the second and third trimesters had a negative impact on birthweight after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and other covariates.

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“…In addition to pre-BMI, GWG also plays an important role in determining NBW. In studies of the association of GWG and NBW, it has been widely found that the former positively influenced the latter (Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, 2009), and some studies have further discovered that each kilogram of weight gain in the second trimester has the strongest effect among the three trimesters (Abrams and Selvin, 1995;Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, 2009;Bayer et al, 2014). The present study came to a similar conclusion that GWG has a positive effect on NBW with weight gain in the second trimester the most prominent.…”

Section: Fig 2 Proportions Of Women With Gestational Weight Gain (Gwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on neonatal birth weight

Zhou

et al. 2017

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on neonatal birth weight (NBW) in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to guide weight control in pregnancy. A retrospective cohort study of 3772 Chinese women was conducted. The population was stratified by maternal pre-BMI categories as underweight (<18.5 kg/m), normal weight (18.5-23.9 kg/m), overweight (24.0-27.9 kg/m), and obesity (≥28.0 kg/m). The NBW differences were tested among the four groups, and then deeper associations among maternal pre-BMI, GWG, and NBW were investigated by multivariate analysis. NBW increased significantly with the increase of maternal pre-BMI level (P<0.05), except overweight to obesity (P>0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that both pre-BMI and GWG were positively correlated with NBW (P<0.05). Compared with normal pre-BMI, underweight predicted an increased odds ratio of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and decreased odds ratio for macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and the results were opposite for overweight. With the increase of GWG, the risk of SGA decreased and the risks of macrosomia and LGA increased. In addition, in different pre-BMI categories, the effects of weight gain in the first trimester on NBW were different (P<0.05). NBW is positively affected by both maternal pre-BMI and GWG, extreme pre-BMI and GWG are both associated with increased risks of abnormal birth weight, and maternal pre-BMI may modify the effect of weight gain in each trimester on NBW. A valid GWG guideline for Chinese women is an urgent requirement, whereas existing recommendations seem to be not very suitable for the Chinese.

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Effects of trimester-specific and total gestational weight gain on children’s anthropometrics

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Greater early and mid‐pregnancy gestational weight gains are associated with excess adiposity in mid‐childhood

Greater early and mid‐pregnancy gestational weight gains are associated with excess adiposity in mid‐childhood

Examining the trimester-specific effects of low gestational weight gain on birthweight: the BOSHI study

Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on neonatal birth weight

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