Effects of triphenyl phosphate as an inexpensive additive on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO₂ solar cells

Abstract

In this study, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is applied as an effective and inexpensive additive in the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and an increase in the photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained of almost 24%.

Role of Co‐Sensitizers in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

“…The use of mixed additives exhibited improved PCE of 5.8 % for NMBI–GuNCS and 8.0 % for TBP–GuNCS relative to the use of individual additives (4.12 % and 4.14 % for NMBI and TBP, respectively). Furthermore, Afrooz and Dehghani used triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as an additive with triphenylamine (TPA) and N719 dyes (Figure ), resulting in a PCE of 2.73 % and 7.04 %, respectively . Later, they developed a novel additive [i.e., diethyl oxalate (DEOX)] that yielded PCEs of 2.68 % and 7.33 % when mixed with TPA and N719, respectively …”

“…For example, 4‐ tert ‐butylpyridine (TBP, Figure ), which is considered to be a relatively small molecule, is currently the most popular additive introduced into the DSSC electrolyte to increase V OC , which leads to a 1–2 % increase in PCE values. Later, varieties of co‐adsorbents, such as decylphosphonic acid (DPA), dineohexylbis (3,3‐dimethylbutyl) phosphinic acid (DINHOP), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), were introduced to Ru–polypyridyl complexes, coumarin, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine dyes to break up π–π stacking of these sensitizers, significantly improving the V OC and J SC of the respective devices . The dye molecules themselves can also be synthetically modified to contain bulky groups that are designed to decrease aggregation of the molecules.…”

“…Later,v arieties of co-adsorbents, such as decylphosphonic acid (DPA), dineohexylbis (3,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic acid( DINHOP), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), were introduced to Ru-polypyridyl complexes, coumarin, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine dyes to break up p-p stacking of these sensitizers,s ignificantly improving the V OC and J SC of the respectived evices. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The dye molecules themselves can also be synthetically modified to contain bulky groups that are designed to decrease aggregationo ft he molecules. Although thesea pproaches have significantly improvedp erformance, they also reduce the amount of dye that can be loaded on the surface of TiO 2 ,l imitingt he PCE of these device.…”

Síntese por ultrassom da bambus[6]urila e estudo de suas propriedades físico-químicas

“…Alguns compostos, no entanto, podem transferir densidade eletrônica para o orbital molecular de caráter aceptor σ* destes gases e formar complexos de transferência de carga, o que resulta em uma absorção característica na região do ultravioleta próximo [85] . A formação de alguns complexos com o iodo molecular, por exemplo, já foi apresentada na literatura [86][87][88] , sendo que deslocamentos do máximo de absorção na região do UV-Vis foram um dos principais indícios. A banda de transferência de carga do bromo é verificada em 295 nm [85] , região na qual a BU [6]•HCl inicia sua absorção.…”

“…Na literatura os dados de absorção UV-Vis da espécie tri-iodeto [87] indicam que há um deslocamento da banda de transferência de carga do iodo e desaparecimento da banda associada à transição HOMO-LUMO. Esse mesmo resultado foi observado para o complexo I2@BU [6]•HCl, porém, sem desaparecimento de nenhuma banda.…”